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Warianty tytułu
Konferencja
15 th International Conference on Microwaves, Radar and Wireless Communications MIKON'04. Warsaw, 17-19.05, 2004
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
Agile materials and technologies based on nonlinear dielectrics like ferroelectrics or liquid crystals offer a line of passive tunable microwave components such as varactors, filters and phase shifters, suitable as key components in phased-array antennas e.g. for automotive radar sensors and in future reconfigurable (frequency agile) RF-frontends, e.g. in mobile communications systems with multiband operation. The trend towards these commercial microwave applications involves a demand for cheaply integrated, compact devices with both, high tunability and low insertion loss. Therefore, distinct research interests have been focused on agile materials for tunable microwave components as promissing alternatives to active semiconductor devices or MEMS varactors. Starting with some results of ferroelectric thin-film devices from literature, the focus of this paper will be on our research of tunable microwave components based on (1) ferroelectric thick-films on A1203-substrate and (2) liquid-crystals. Up to now, only very few approaches used an anisotropy at microwaves, e.g. for phase shifting purposes. However, with recently developed, novel highly-anisotropic microwave LCs, a figure-of-merit of above 110°/dB at GHz has been achieved for a inverted- microstrip line phase shifter with comparatively low control voltages less than 30 V. At the same frequency, this exceeds by far the figure-of-merit of 30 to 50°/dB of BST-coplanar waveguide phase shifters, however, much lower tuning speed. This substantial progress opens up totally new low-cost LC applications beyond optics.
Słowa kluczowe
Wydawca
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
675--694
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 37 poz., il., rys., tab., wykr.
Twórcy
autor
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Hochfrequenztechnik, Merckstr. 25, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany
autor
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Hochfrequenztechnik, Merckstr. 25, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany
autor
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institut für Hochfrequenztechnik, Merckstr. 25, 64283 Darmstadt, Germany
autor
- Advanced Ferrite Technology GmbH, Spinnerei 44, 71522 Backnang, Germany
Bibliografia
- 1. B. Acikel, T. Taylor, P. Hansen. J. Speck und R. York, A New X Band 180° High Performance Phase Shifter using BaSrTi03 Thin Films. IEEE MTT-S Int. Microw. Symp., 2002, pp. 1467-1469.
- 2. B. Acikel, T. Taylor, P. Hansen. J. Speck und R. York, A New High Performance Phase shifter using BaxSr1-xTi03 Thin Films. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 12, No. 7, July 2002.
- 3. C. M. Carlson, T. V. Rivkin, P. A. Parilla, .I. D. Perkins, D. S. Ginley, A. B. Kozyrev, V. N. Oshadchy, A. S. Pavlov, A. Golovkov, M. Sugak, D. Kalinikos, L. C. Sengupta, L. Chiu, X. Zha1ng, Y. Zhu und S. Sengupta, 30 GHz Elecltronically Steerable Antennas Using BaxSr1-xTio3 - Based Room- Temperature Phase Shifters. Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., Vol. 603, 2000, pp. 15-25.
- 4. W. Chang, J. S. Horwitz, A. C. Carter, J. M. Pond, S. W. Kirchocefer, C. M. Gilmore und D. B. Chrisey, The effect of annealing on the microwave properties of Ba05Sr05TiO3 thin films. Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 74, No. 7, Feb. 1999, pp. 1033-1035.
- 5. W. Chang, S. W. Kirchoefer, J. F. Pond and J. S. Horwitz, L. Sengupta, Strain-relieved Ba0-6Ti03 thin films for tunable microwave applications. J. of Applied Physics, Vol. 92, No 3, Aug. 2002.
- 6. A. Deleniv, S. Gevorgian, Tunable Power Splitters and Marching Networks based on LTCC Ferroelectric Ceramic Films. Workshop WS 6 - Tunable Ferroelectric Materials and Devices for Microwave Applications, EuMC 2003, Munich.
- 7. D. Demus, J. Goodby, G. W. Gray, H.-W. Spiess, V. Vill, Hanbook of Liquid Crystals, Volumes 1, 2A, 2B, 3, Wiley- VCH 1998.
- 8. D. Dolfi, M. Labeyrie, P. Joffre und J. P. Huignard, Liquid Crystal Microwave Phase Shifter. Electronics Letters, Vol. 29. No. 10, May 1993, pp. 926-928.
- 9. D. Galt, T. Rivkina und M. W. Cromar, Microwave Tuning Quality and Power Handling of Voltage-Tunable Capacitors: Semiconductor Varactors versus Ba1-xSrxTi03 Films. Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., Vol. 493, 1998, pp. 341-346.
- 10. S. S. Gevorgian und E. L. Kolberg, Do We Really Need Ferroelectrics in Paraelectric Phase Only in Electrically Controlled Microwave Devices, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., Vol. 49, No. 11 , 2001, pp. 2117-2124.
- 11. D. Kim. et. al., A Wide Bandwidth Monolithic BST Reflection-Type Phase Shifter Using A Coplanar Waveguide Lange Coupler. IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig., 2002, pp. 1471- 1474.
- 12. S. W. Kirchoefer, J. M. Pond, H. S. Newman, W.-J. Kim und J. S. Horwitz, Ferroelectric- Ferrite Tunable Phase Shifters. IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig., 2000, pp. 1359-1362.
- 13. S. W. Kirchoefer, W. Chang, J. A. Bellotti and J. M. Pond, Dependence of microwave tuning and loss on materials properties and strain in BST thin films. Workshop WS 6 - Tunable Ferroelectric Materials and Devices for Microwave Applications. EuMC. Munich, 2003.
- 14. Kozyrev. A. Ivanov, V. Keis. M. Khazov, V. Osadchy, T. Samnoilova, O. Soldatenkov, A. Pavlov, G. Koepf, C. Mueller, D. Galt und T. Rivlin, Ferroelectric Films: Nonlinear Properties and Applications in Microwave Devices. IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp, 1998. pp. 985-988.
- 15. K. C. Lim, J. D. Margerum und A. M. Lackner, Liquid crystal millimeter wave electronic phase shifter. Appl. Phys. Lett., 62 ( 10). March 1993, pp. 1065-1067.
- 16. Y. Liu, A. S. Nagra. E. G. Erker, P. Periaswamy, T. R. Taylor, J. Speck und R. A. York, BaSrTiO3 Interdigitated Capacitors for Distributed Phase Shifter Applications. IEEE Microwave and Guided Wave Letters, Vol. 10, No. 11, Nov. 2000, pp. 448-450.
- 17. S. Müller, P. Scheele, C. Weil, M. Wittek, C. Hock, R. Jakoby, Tunable Passive Phase Shifter for Microwave Applications using Highly Anisotropic Liquid Crystals, accepted for IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp., 2004.
- 18. J. B. L. Rao. D. P. Patel und V. Krichevsky, Voltage-Controlled Ferroelectric Lens Phased Arrays. Ferroelectric Materials For Phased Array Applications. IEEE Trans. Ant. And Prop., Vol. 47, No. 3, March 1999, pp. 458-468.
- 19. R. R. Romanofsky, J. Bernhard, G. Washington, F. Van Keuls, F. Miranda und C. Cannedy K-Band Phased Array Antennas Based On Ba0.60Sr0.40TiO3 Thin-Film Phase Shifters, IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech., Vol. 48, Dec. 2000, pp. 2504-2510.
- 20. S. Sengupta, S. C. Sengupta, S. Srowell, E. Ngo, W. E. Kosik und D. K. Vijay, Analysis of Ferroelectric Thin Films Deposited by Pulsed Laser Deposition on Oxide and Fluoride Substrates. Proceedings of 9th Int. Symp. on Applications of Ferroelectrics, 1994. pp. 70-73.
- 21. V. Sherman, K. Astafiev, A. Tagantsev, N. Setter, I. Vendik, O. Vendik Design and Investigation of Ferroelectric Digital Phase Shifter. Proc. of the 31th EuMC, London, Sept. 2001.
- 22. G. Subramanyam, F. A. Miranda, R. R. Romanofsky, F. W. Van Keuls, C. L. Canedy, S. Aggarwal, T. Venkatesan und R. Ramesh, A Ferroelectric Tunable Microstrip Lange Coupler for K-Band Applications. IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig., 2000, pp. 1363-1366.
- 23. G. Subramanyam, N. Mohsina, A. Al Zaman, F. Miranda, F. W. Van Keuls, R. Romanofsky und J. Warner, Ferroelectric Thin-Film Based Eletrically Tunable Ku-band Coplanar Waveguide Components. IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig., 2001, pp. 471-474.
- 24. F. W. Van Keuls, C. H. Mueller, F. A. Miranda, R. R. Romanofsky, C. L. Canedy, S. Aggarwal, T. Venkatesan, R. Ramesh, J. S. Horwitz, W. Chang und W. J. Kim, Room Temperature Thin Film BaxSr1-xTi03 Ku-Band Coupled Microstrip Phase Shifters: Effect of Film Thickness, Doping, Annealing and Substrate Choice. IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp. Dig., 1999, pp. 737-740.
- 25. V. K. Varadan, O. K. Ghodgaonkar, V. V. Varadan, J. F. Kelly und P. Glikerdas, Ceramic Phase Shifter for Electronically Steerable Antenna Systems. Microwave Journal, Jan. 1992, pp. 116-127.
- 26. V. K. Varadan, V. V. Varadan, F. Selmi, Z. Ounaies und K. A. Jose, Multilayer Tunable Ferroelectric Materials and Thin Films. SPIE Proceedings, Vol. 2189, pp. 433-447, 1994.
- 27. V. K. Varadan, K. A. Jose, V. V. Varadan, R. Hughes, und J. F. Kelly, A Novel Microwave Planar Phase Shifter. Microwave Journal, April 1995. pp. 244-254.
- 28. M. Voigts, W. Meneklou und E. Ivers-Tiffee, Dielectric Properties and Tunability of BST and BZT Thick Film for Microwave Applications. Integr: Ferroelectrics, Vol. 39, 2001, pp. 383-392.
- 29. C. Weil, P. Wang, H. Downar, J. Wenger und R. Jakoby, Ferroeletric Thick Film Ceramics for Tunable Microwave Coplanar Phase Shifters. FREQUENZ, Vol. 54, 11-12/2000, pp. 250-256.
- 30. C. Weil und R. Jakoby, Tunable Coplanar Waveguide Phase Shifters Using Thick Films of Barium Strontium Titanate. Proc. of the11th MIOP Conf., Stuttgart, pp. 176-181, May 2001.
- 31. C. Weil, G. Müller, P. Scheele, Y. Kryvoshapka, R. Jakoby, Ferroelectric- and Liquid Crystal- Tunable Microwave Phase Shifters, IEEE EuMW, Munich, Oct. 2003, pp. 1431-1434.
- 32. C. Weil, G. Lüssem und R. Jakoby, Tunable lnverted-Microstrip Phase Shifter Device Using Nematic Liquid Crystals. IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp., June 2002, pp. 367-370.
- 33. C. Weil und R. Jakoby, Studies of Nematic Liquid Crystals for Dielectric Tunable Microwave Phase Shifters. 5th Int. Symposium on Relaxation Phenomena in Dielectric, Magnetic and Superconducting Systems, Darmstadt, Oct. 2002.
- 34. C. Weil, G. Müller, P. Scheele, P. Best, G. Lüssem und R. Jakoby, Novel highly anisotropic liquid-crystal mixtures for tuneable microwave devices, Electronics Letters, V. 39, No. 24, Nov. 2003, pp. 1732-1734.
- 35. B. York, Thin-Film Ferroelectrics: Deposition Methods and Applications. IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp., Workshop WFE "Ferroelectric Materials and Microwave Applications", 2000.
- 36. B. York, A. Nagra, E. Erker, T. Taylor, P. Periaswamy, J. Speck, S. Streiffer, O. Auciello, Microwave Integrated Circuits using Thin-Film BST. IEEE MTT-S Int. Microwave Symp., 2001.
- 37. F. Zimmermann, M. Voigls, C. Weil, R. Jakoby, P. Wang, W. Menesklou und E. Ivers-Tiffée, Investigation of barium strontium titanate thick films for tunable phase shifters. J. of the European Ceramic Society, 21, 2001, pp. 2019-2023.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BWA2-0009-0013