Optimisation of a pulsed IR source for NDIR gas analysers

• Autorzy: Puton J. , Jasek K. , Siodłowski B. , Knap A. , Wiśniewski K.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Thermal sources which radiation can be modulated by supplying the heater with alternating voltage are used in gasanalysers operating on the basis of absorption of infrared radiation. Suitability of the source for direct modulation (i.e. with-out the use of a mechanical chopper) can be determined by frequency limit of modulation and energetic efficiency. Two IR source models, which heaters are made of platinum foil, have been studied. The maximum operating temperature of the sources was 1000oC. The models varied with regard to the way of heat transfer. Conduction through layer of gas between the platinum foil and the substrate was a dominating way of exchanging heat for the first source. Cooling of the heater of the second source took place due to the heat conduction in the platinum foil. Frequency limits obtained for the examined thermal source models are 2 and 5-times higher than for microbulbs, respectively, which are a commonly applied infrared source in simple gas analysers.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

infrared sources; gas sensors; gas analysis

• Wydawca: Stowarzyszenie Elektryków Polskich ; Polska Akademia Nauk ; Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
• Czasopismo: Opto-Electronics Review
• Rocznik: 2002
• Tom: Vol. 10, No. 2
• Strony: 97--103
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 20 poz

Twórcy

autor

Puton J.

autor

Jasek K.

autor

Siodłowski B.

autor

Knap A.

autor

Wiśniewski K.

• Institute of Chemistry, Military University of Technology, 2 Kaliskiego Str., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland,

Bibliografia

• 1. D. W. Hill and T. Powell, Non-Dispersive Infra-Red Gas Analysis in Science, Medicine and Industry, Adam Hilger Ltd, London, 1968.
• 2. P. L. Hanst, "Spectroscopic methods for air pollution measurement", Adv. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2, 91-213 (1971).
• 3. Infrared Gas Sensors, Application Notes Issue 3, EEV Inc., 1998.
• 4. Automotive Microbench ver. 2.22, Product Manual, Sensors Inc., 1999.
• 5. Lamps/LEDs, Engineering Catalogue 168, Gilway Technical Lamp, 1999.
• 6. D. C. Laine, M. M. Al-Jorani, S. Carpenter, and M. Sedgbeer, "Pulsed wideband IR thermal source", IEE Proc. Optoelectron. 144, 315-322 (1997).
• 7. H. Gatzmanga and D. Baschant, "Directly modulated infrared light sources for optical gas analysers", Technishes Messen 63, 311-316 (1996) (in German).
• 8. Pulsed Infrared Radiator PulsIR, Application Note, Ion Optics Inc., 2000.
• 9. J. T. Daly , A. C. Greenwald, E. A. Johnson, W. A. Stevenson, J. A. Wollam, T. George, and E. W. Jones, "Nano-structured surfaces for tuned infrared emission for spectroscopic applications", Proc. SPIE 3937, 80-89 (2000).
• 10. R. J. Solomon, "A reliable accurate CO2 analyser for medical use", Hewlett-Pacard Journal 32, 2-21 (1981).
• 11. D. O'Flaherty, Capnography, BMJ Publishing Group, London, 1994.
• 12. E. Kalvesten, T. Corman, M. Huiku, K. Weckstrom, P. Merilainen, and G. Stemme, "A licon IR-source and CO2-chamber for CO2 measurements, Proc. IEE Int. Workshop on MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS'98), Heidelberg, Germany, 69-74 (1998).
• 13. C. H. Mastrangelo, J. H. Yeh, and S. Muller, "Electrical and optical characteristics of vacuum-sealed polysilicon microlamps", IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 39, 1363-1375 (1992).
• 14. D. Bauer, M. Heeger, M. Gebhard, and W. Benecke, "Design and fabrication of a thermal infrared emitter", Sensors&Actuators A55, 57-63 (1996).
• 15. M. Weber, Ph. Lerch, Ph. Renaud, "Improved design for fast modulation IR sources", J. Micromech. Microeng. 7, 210-213 (1997).
• 16. D. W. Knodle, P. Graham, and J. O. Sams, "Optimisation of thick film resistor for use as a pulsed infrared emitter", Proc. Conf. on Optoelectronic Devices and Applications, San Diego, 10-11 July 1990, 102-109 (1990).
• 17. Thin Film Thermal IR-emitter, Application Note, InfraTec GmbH, 1999.
• 18. S. D. Smith, A. Vass, P. Bramley, J. G. Crowder, and C. H. Wang, "Comparison of IR led gas sensors with thermal source products", IEE Proc. Optoelectron. 144, 266-270 (1997).
• 19. B. A. Matveev, G. A. Gavrilov, V. V. Evstropov, N. V. Zotova, S.A. Karandashov, G. Yu. Sotnikova, N. M. Stus, G. N. Talakin, and J. Malinen, "Mid-infrared LEDs as sources for gas and liquid sensors", Sensors&Actuators B38, 339-343 (1997).
• 20. B. Matveev, M. Aidaraliev G. Gavrilov, N. Zotova, S. Karandashov, G. Sotnikova, N. Stus, G. Talakin, N. Il'inskaya, and S. Aleksandrov, "Room ternperature InAs photodiode - InGaAs LED pairs for methane detection in the mid-IR", Sensors&Actuators B5l, 233-237 (1998).