Pixel-based skin color detection technique

• Autorzy: Zaqout I. , Zainuddin R. , Baba S.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

One of the simplest features used for the human face detection problem is the skin color information. A simple and relatively efficient histogram-based algorithm to segment skin pixels from a complex background is presented. The histogram-based algorithm used here is referred to as the lookup table (LUT) and is adopted to identify those intervals which may fall in the skin locus plane. For that purpose, a total of 306,401 skin samples are manually collected from RGB color images to calculate three lookup tables based on the relationship between each single pair of the three components (R, G, B). To estimate the skin locus boundary, a skin classifier box is created by integration of the proposed three heuristic rules based on how often each RGB pixel-relationship falls into its interval.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

skin segmentation; histogram-based approach; lookup table; heuristic rules; face detection

• Wydawca: Institute of Information Technology of the Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW
• Czasopismo: Machine Graphics and Vision
• Rocznik: 2005
• Tom: Vol. 14, No. 1
• Strony: 61--70
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 22 poz., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Zaqout I.

• Departament of Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology University of Malaya, 50603 K. L., Malaysia

autor

Zainuddin R.

• Departament of Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology University of Malaya, 50603 K. L., Malaysia

autor

Baba S.

• Departament of Artificial Intelligence, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology University of Malaya, 50603 K. L., Malaysia

Bibliografia

• [1] Swain M. J., Ballad D. H.: Color indexing. Int. Journal of Computer Vision, 7(1), 11-32, 1991.
• [2] Chen Q., Yachida M., Wu H.: Face detection by fuzzy pattern matching. Proc. 5th Int. Conf. on Computer Vision, MIT, Cambridge, 591-596, 1995.
• [3] Wu H., Chen Q ., Yachida M.: An application of fuzzy theory: Face detection. Proc. of Int. Workshop on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, Zurich, 314-319, 1995.
• [4] Dai Y., Nakano Y.: Face-texture model-based on SGLD and its application in face detection in a color scene. Pattern Recognition, 29(6), 1007-1017, 1996.
• [5] Fleck M. M., Forsyth D. A., Bregler C.: Finding naked people. Proc. 4th European Conf. on Computer Vision, Springer, UK, vol. 2, 593-602, 1996.
• [6] Kjeldsen R., Kender J.: Finding skin in color images. Proc. 2nd Int. Conf. on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, IEEE Computer Society Press, Vermont, 312-318, 1996.
• [7] Jebara T. S., Pentland, A.: Parameterized structure from motion from 3D adaptive feedback tracking of faces. Proc. of IEEE Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 144-150, 1997.
• [8] Birchfield S.: Elliptical head tracking using intensity gradients and color histograms. Proc. Of CVPR’98, 232-237, 1998.
• [9] Schumeyer R., Bamer K.: A color-based classifier for region identification in video. Visual Communications and Image Processing, SPIE, vol. 3309, 189-200, 1998.
• [10] Garcia C., Tziritas G.: Face Detection Using Quantized Skin Color Regions Merging and Wavelet Packet Analysis. IEEE Trans. on Multimedia, 1(3), 264-277, 1999.
• [11] Jones M. J., Rehg J. M.: Statistical color models with application to skin detection. Proc. of the CVPR’99, vol. 1, 274-280, 1999.
• [12] Yang M. H., Ahuja N.: Gaussian mixture model for human skin color and its application in image and video databases. Proc. of the SPIE: Storage and Retrieval for Image and Video Databases VII, no. 3656, 458-466, 1999.
• [13] Zarit B. D., Super B. J., Quek F. K.: Comparison of five color models in skin pixel classification. ICCV’99 Int. Workshop on recognition, analysis, and tracking of faces and gestures in real-time systems, 58-63, 1999.
• [14] Brand J., Mason J.: A Comparative assessment of three approaches to pixel-level human skin-detection. Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Pattern Recognition, vol. 1, 1056-1059, 2000.
• [15] Sigal L., Sclaroff S., Athitsos V.: Estimation and prediction of evolving color distributions for skin segmentation under varying illumination. Proc. IEEE Conf. on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, vol. 2, 152-159, 2000.
• [16] Soriano M., Huovinen S., Martinkauppi S. B., Laaksonen M.: Skin detection in video under changing illumination conditions. Proc. 15th Int. Conf. on Pattern Recognition, vol. 1, 839-842, 2000.
• [17] Terrillon J. C., Shirazi M., Fukamachi H., Akamatsu S.: Comparative performance of different skin chrominance models spaces for the automatic detection of human faces in color images. Proc. Fourth IEEE Int. Conf. on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, 54-63, 2000.
• [18] Hjelmas E., Low B.: Face Detection: A Survey. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, Vol 83, 236-274, 2001.
• [19] Jedynak B., Zheng H., Daoudi M., Barret D.: Maximum entropy models for skin detection, Technical Report XIII, Université des sciences et Technologies de Lille, France, 2002.
• [20] LEE J. Y., YOOS. I.: An elliptical boundary model for skin color detection. Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Imaging Science, Systems, and Technology, 2002.
• [21] Yang M.-H., Kriegman D., Ahuja N.: Detecting Faces in Images: A Survey. IEEE Trans. on PAMI, 24(1), 34-58, 2002.
• [22] http://pics.psych.stir.ac.uk/ - PICS Image Database. 2002.