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The aim of the presented investigations was to develop a technique of producing Bragg's grating couplers on planar waveguides. Waveguides are obtained by means of the sol-gel technology. The introduction of a light beam into the structure of the waveguide is in the case of planar or strip optical systems always an essential technical problem, requiring simple and reproducible solutions without extending excessively the waveguide structure. The paper presents a technology of producing grating couplers by impressing the pattern of the network while forming the planar waveguide structure applying the sol-gel method. Some remarks concerning the sol-gel technology are also presented. The results of investigations on grating couplers obtained in such a way have been discussed, too. Attention has been drawn to the possibility of using such structures in optoelectronic sensors, particularly gas sensors, including sensors of water vapour as well as toxic gases.
Słowa kluczowe
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Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
161--166
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 21 poz., wykr.
Twórcy
autor
autor
autor
autor
autor
- Institute of Physics, Silesian University of Technology, 2 Krzywoustego Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland, tpustelny@polsl.pl
Bibliografia
- 1. T. Pustelny, Physical and Technical Aspects of Optoelectronic Sensors, SUT Academic Press, Gliwice, 2005.
- 2. C.J. Brinker and G.W. Scherer, Sol-gel Science. The Physics and Chemistry of Sol-gel Processing, Academic Press, Inc., London, 1990.
- 3. L.C. Klein, Sol-gel Optics Processing and Applications, Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York, 1994.
- 4. R.M. Almeida, 'Sol-gel planar waveguides for integrated optics", J. Non-Crystalline Solids 259, 176-181 (1999).
- 5. M.A. Fardad, M.P. Andrews, and S.I. Najafi, "Novel sol-gel fabrication of integrated optical waveguides", Proc. SPIE 2997, 72-78 (1997).
- 6. R.M. Almeida, "Sol-gel planar waveguides for integrated optics", J. Non-Crystalline Solids 259, 176-181 (1999).
- 7. A. Ulatowska, H. Podbielska, and M. Lechna-Marczyńska, "Examination of the structure of sol-gel derived matrices for optoelectronics sensors", J. Opt. Mat. 17, 169-173 (2001).
- 8. T. Pustelny and I. Zielonka, "Waveguide layered structure for acoustooptic application", Molecular and Quantum Acoustics 24, 271-277 (2003).
- 9. P. Karasinski, "Sol-gel derived optical waveguide films for planar sensors with phase modulation", Optica Appl. 24, 467-475 (2004).
- 10. S.I. Najafi, Introduction to Glass Integrated Optics, Artech House Boston and London, 1992.
- 11. J.M. White and P.F. Heidrich, "Optical waveguide refractive index profiles from measurement of mode indices: A simple analysis", Applied Optics 15, 151-155 (1976).
- 12. J. Petykiewicz, Physical Base of Integrated Optics, PWN, Warsaw, 1989. (in Polish).
- 13. M. Hagberg, N. Eriksson, T. Kjellberg, and L.A. Larsson, "Fabrication of gratings for integrated optoelectronics", Microelectronic Engineering 27, 435-438 (1995).
- 14. T. Pustelny, I. Zielonka, P. Karasinski, and J. Jurusik, "Bragg's grating coupler in planar optical sol-gel waveguides", Optica Appl. 24, 179-182 (2004).
- 15. C. Palmer, Diffraction Grating Handbook, Richardson Grating Laboratory, New Jersey, USA, 2000.
- 16. W. Gabathuler and W. Lukosz, "Electro - nanomechanically wavelength - tunable integrated - optical Bragg reflectors", Optics Comm. 1354, 385-393 (1997).
- 17. A. Inoue, M. Shigehara, M. Ito, M. Inai, and I.H. Ymizunami, "Fabrication and application of Bragg grating . a review", Optoelectronics . Devices and Technologies 14, 119-130 (1998).
- 18. J.E. Chisham, M. Andrews, C.Y. Li, S.I. Najafi, and A. Malek-Tabrizi, "Gratings fabrication in silica glass", Proc. SPIE 2695, 52-56 (1999).
- 19. I. Zielonka and P. Karasiński, "Planar waveguides with diffraction gratings", Molecular and Quantum Acoustics 22, 293-302 (2001).
- 20. W. Lukosz and K. Tiefenthaler, "Embossing technique for fabricating integrated optical components in hard inorganic waveguiding materials", Optic Letters 8, 445-449 (1986).
- 21. I. Szendro, "Practice to emboss gratings into sol-gel waveguides", Proc. SPIE 4284, 80-87 (2001).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
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