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Single crystals of yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) doped with ytterbium ions of up to 30 at.% were grown by the Czochralski method. Using the growth rate from 1 to 3 mm/h, and the rotation rate from 15 to 30 rpm, single crystals with diameters of up to 22 mm and lengths up to 85 mm were obtained. Using the inductively coupled plasma n optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) method, Yb distribution coefficient was determined to be equal to 1.10±0.02. The following methods: optical absorption spectroscopy, plane and circular polariscope, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) to determine the radial distribution of Yb ions, X-ray diffraction methods to determine the lattice constant were used. Etch pit density distribution and lasing properties were also investigated. Samples of YAG:Yb crystals with Yb ions contents of 3, 5, 7, and 10 at.% were pumped by 940 nm laser diode for their lasing properties. The best lasing slope efficiency of 40% with respect to the absorbed pump power was achieved at 5 at.% Yb content. The lowest threshold of 2.5 W of the absorbed pump power was observed, however, for a 7 at.% Yb doped sample in quasi hemispherical resonator configuration. These investigations have been found to be in good agreement with polariscopic observations, showing a certain decrease in optical homogeneity with increase in Yb content.
Słowa kluczowe
Wydawca
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
213--220
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 19 poz., il., wykr.
Twórcy
autor
- Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, 133 Wólczyńska Str., 01-919 Warsaw, Poland
autor
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 2 Kaliskiego Str., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
autor
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, 2 Kaliskiego Str., 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
autor
- Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, 133 Wólczyńska Str., 01-919 Warsaw, Poland
autor
- Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, 133 Wólczyńska Str., 01-919 Warsaw, Poland
autor
- Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, 133 Wólczyńska Str., 01-919 Warsaw, Poland
autor
- Institute of Electronic Materials Technology, 133 Wólczyńska Str., 01-919 Warsaw, Poland
Bibliografia
- 1. L.F. Johnson, J.E. Geusic, and L.G. Van Uitert, ”Coherent oscillations from Tm³⁺, Ho³⁺, Yb³⁺ and Er³⁺ ions in yttrium aluminum garnet”, Appl. Phys Lett. 7, 127-129 (1965).
- 2. W.F. Krupke, “New laser materials for diode pumped solid state lasers”, Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science 4, 197-201 (1999).
- 3. V.I. Chani, A. Yoshikawa, Y. Kuwano, K. Inaba, K. Omote, and T. Fukuda, “Preparation and characterization of Yb: Y3Al5O12 fiber crystals”, Mater. Res. Bull. 35, 1615-1624 (2000).
- 4. P. Yang, P. Deng, J. Xu, and Z. Yin, “Growth of high-quality single crystal of 30 at.% Yb: YAG and its laser performance“, J. Cryst. Growth 216, 348-351 (2000).
- 5. P. Yang, P. Deng, Z. Yin, and Y. Tian, “The growth defects in Czochralski-grown Yb: YAG crystal”, J. Cryst. Growth 218, 87-92 (2000).
- 6. D.S. Sumida, A.A. Betin, H. Bruesselbach, R.B, Matthews, R. Reeder, and M.S. Mangir, “Diode-pumped Yb: YAG catches up with Nd: YAG”, Laser Focus World, 63-67 (1999).
- 7. R.D. Shannon, “Revised effective ionic radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides”, Acta Cryst. A32, 751-767 (1976).
- 8. V.L. Indenbom, “Ein Beitrag zur Entestchung von Spannungen und Versetzungen beim Kristallwachstum”, Krist. Tech. 14, 493-507 (1979).
- 9. V.L. Indenbom and V.B. Osvenskii, “Theoretical and experimental studies of generation of stress and dislocations in growing crystals”, Growth of Crystals 13, 279-290 (1986).
- 10. D.S. Kliger, J.W. Lewis, and C.E. Randall, Polarized Light in Optics and Spectroscopy, Academic Press, New York, 1990.
- 11. W. Koechner and D.K. Rice, “Effect of birefringence on the performance of linearly polarized YAG:Nd lasers”, IEEE J. Quant. Electron. QE6, 557-566 (1970).
- 12. A.S. Jordan, A.R. Neida, and R. Caruso, “The theoretical and experimental fundamentals of decreasing dislocations in melt grown GaAs and InP”, J. Cryst. Growth 76, 243-262 (1986).
- 13. R.T. Chen and D.E. Holmes, “Dislocation studies in 3-inch diameter liquid encapsulated Czochralski GaAs., J. Cryst. Growth 61, 111-124 (1983).
- 14. Z. Gałązka, “Analysis of thermal shock during rapid crystal extraction from melts”, Cryst. Res. Technol. 34, 635-640 (1999).
- 15. A.L. Bajor and Z. Gałązka, “Polarimetric investigations of residual stresses in Czochralski-grown LiNbO₃ crystals”, Proc. SPIE 3094, 147-158 (1996).
- 16. X. Xu, Z. Zhao, J. Xu, and P. Deng, “Distribution of ytterbium in Yb: YAG crystals and lattice parameters of the crystals”, J. Cryst. Growth 255, 338-341 (2003).
- 17. X. Xu, Z. Zhao, G. Zhao, G. Zhao, P. Song, J. Xu, and P. Deng, “Comparison of Yb:YAG crystals grown by CZ and TGT method”, J. Cryst. Growth 257, 297-300 (2003).
- 18. A. Giesen, U. Brauch, I. Johannsen, M. Karszewski, C. Stewen, and A. Voss, OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics. Advanced Solid State Lasers, 11-13 (1996).
- 19. T. Kasamatsu, H. Sekita, and Y. Kuwano, OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics. Advanced Solid State Lasers, 125-127 (1998).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BWA0-0002-0055