Nonlinear Distortions in Electroacoustic Devices

• Autorzy: Dobrucki A.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The task of electroacoustic devices is a transmission of audio signals. The transmitted signal should be distorted as little as possible. Nonlinear distortions are the distortions depending on signal level. The types of nonlinear distortions as well as their measures are presented in the paper. The weakest device in an electroacoustic chain is a loudspeaker. It causes the greatest degradation of the signal. It is usually the most nonlinear part of the electroacoustic system. The nonlinearities in loudspeakers are described in details. Other types of nonlinear distortions as transient intermodulation in power amplifiers and distortions caused by the A/C sampling are also presented.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

nonlinear distortion; electroacoustics

• Wydawca: Instytut Podstawowych Problemów Techniki PAN ; Komitet Akustyki PAN ; Polskie Towarzystwo Akustyczne
• Czasopismo: Archives of Acoustics
• Rocznik: 2011
• Tom: Vol. 36, No. 2
• Strony: 437--460
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 47 poz., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Dobrucki A.

• Wrocław University of Technology Institute of Telecommunications Teleinformatics and Acoustics Chair of Acoustics Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland,

Bibliografia

• 1. Antognetti P., Antonazzi P., Meda E. (1981), TIM-distortion in monolithic integrated circuit: measurements and simulation, 68 Convention AES, Hamburg, March 17-20, 1981, Preprint 1727.
• 2. Czapiewski M. (2009), Laboratory stand for measurement of nonlinear distortion in loudspeakers using multitone excitation [in Polish], MSc. Thesis, Wrocław University of Technology.
• 3. Czerwiński E. et al. (2001), Multitone Testing of Sound System Components - Some Results and Conclusion, Part 1: History and Theory, J. Audio Eng. Soc., 49, 11.
• 4. Czerwiński E., Voishvillo A., Aleksandrov S., Terekhov A. (1999), Air-Related Harmonic and Intermodulation Distortion in Large Sound Systems, J. Audio Eng. Soc., 47, 427-446.
• 5. Dobrucki A.B., Szmal C. (1986), Nonlinear distortion of woofers in fundamental resonance region, 80th Convention Audio Engineering Society, Montreux, Switzerland, Preprint 2344.
• 6. Dobrucki A.B. (1988), Constant component of the loudspeaker diaphragm displacement caused by nonlinearities, 84th Convention Audio Engineering Society, Paris, France, Preprint 2577.
• 7. Dobrucki A.B. (1992), Numerical modelling of magnetoelectric loudspeaker moving system [in Polish], Scientific works of the Institute of Telecommunications and Acoustics, No. 70, Serie: Monographs No. 35, Wrocław.
• 8. Dobrucki A.B. (1994), Nontypical effects in an electrodynamic loudspeaker with a nonhomogeneous magnetic field in the air gap and nonlinear suspensions, J. Audio Eng. Soc., 42, 7/8, 565-576.
• 9. Dobrucki A.B. (1995), Influence of losses on stability limits of a nonlinear system with parametric excitation, Proceedings of 15th Congress on Acoustics, Trondheim, Norway, 4, 205-208.
• 10. Dobrucki A.B., Pruchnicki P. (1999), Application of the NARMAX-Method for Modelling of the Nonlinearity of Dynamic Loudspeakers, 106th Convention Audio Engineering Society, Munich, Germany, Preprint 4868.
• 11. Dobrucki A.B., Pruchnicki P. (2001), Application of the NARMAX method to the modelling of the nonlinearity of dynamic loudspeakers, Archives of Acoustics, 26, 4, 277-291.
• 12. Dobrucki A., Pruchnicki P. (2003), Application of Wiener series for assessment of the quality of the NARMAX model of dynamic loudspeakers, [in:] Modelling and Experimental Mesurements in Acoustics III, D. Almorza, C.A. Brebbia, R. Hernandez [Eds.], WIT Press, Southampton, Boston 2003, Presented at Third International Conference on Modelling and Experimental Mesurements in Acoustics, ACOUSTICS III, Cadiz, Spain, 223-232.
• 13. Dobrucki A. (2006), Electroacoustic transducers [in Polish], Wydawnictwa Naukowo-Techniczne, Warszawa.
• 14. Dobrucki A.B., Siczek R. (2008), The measurement of nonlinear distortion using broadband noise, Archives of Acoustics, 33, 4 (Supplement), 33-37.
• 15. Dobrucki A., Maleczek S., Kin M. (2009), Subjective and objective evaluation of the vacuum tube amplifiers, Audio Engineering Society, Munich, Germany, Convention Paper 7806.
• 16. Dobrucki A.B., Siczek R. (2009), The impact of digital filter parameters on the results of nonlinear distortion measurements in loudspeakers, Signal processing algorithms, architectures, arrangements, and applications, SPA 2009, Workshop proceedings, Poznan, 24-26 September 2009, Poznan: IEEE Chapter Circuits and Systems, Poland Section, pp. 139-143.
• 17. Dobrucki A., Merit B., Lemarquand V., Lemarquand G. (2010), Modeling of the nonlinear distortion in electrodynamic loudspeakers caused by the voice-coil inductance, 10ème Congrès Français d'Acoustique, Lyon, 12-16 Avril 2010.
• 18. Dobrucki A., Siczek R. (2010), The impact of digital filter parameters on the results of nonlinear distortion measurements in loudspeakers - simulation process, Elektronika, 3, 34-38.
• 19. Dobrucki A., Grzesiak G. (2010), Measurement of TIM distortion of acoustic amplifiers using metod of Inverse Sawtooth [in Polish], XIII Symposium "New Trends in Audio and Video" Szczecin, 14-16.10.2010.
• 20. Grzesiak G. (2010), Circuit for TIM measurement in acoustic amplifiers [in Polish], MSc. Thesis, Wrocław University of Technology.
• 21. IEC Publ. 60268-3 (2000), Sound System Equipment. Part 3: Amplifiers, International Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva, Switzerland.
• 22. IEC Publ. 60268-5 (2007), Sound System Equipment. Part 5: Loudspeakers, International Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva, Switzerland.
• 23. Klippel W. (1990), Dynamic Measurement and Interpretation of the Nonlinear Parameters of Electrodynamic Loudspeakers, J. Audio Eng. Soc., 38, 12.
• 24. Klippel W. (1992), Nonlinear Large-Signal Behavior of Electrodynamic Loudspeakers at Low Frequencies, J. Audio Eng. Soc., 40, 6.
• 25. Klippel W. (1996a), Modeling the Nonlinearities in Horn Loudspeakers, J. Audio Eng. Soc., 44, 470-480.
• 26. Klippel W. (1996b), Nonlinear System Identification for Horn Loudspeakers, J. Audio Eng. Soc., 44, 10.
• 27. Klippel W. (2006), Tutorial: Loudspeaker Nonlinearities-Causes, Parameters, Symptoms, J. Audio Eng. Soc., 54, 10, 907-939.
• 28. Maleczek S. (2009), Analysis of the sound quality of vacuum-tube audio amplifiers with new technological solutions [in Polish], PhD. Thesis, Wrocław University of Technology.
• 29. Merit B., Lemarquand V., Lemarquand G., Dobrucki A.B. (2009), Motor nonlinearities in electrodynamic loudspeakers: modelling and measurement, Archives of Acoustics, 34, 4, 579-590.
• 30. Otala M. (1972), Circuit Design Modifications for Minimizing Transient Intermodulation Distortion in Audio Amplifiers, J. of Audio Eng. Soc., 20, 5, 396-399.
• 31. Pruchnicki P., Dobrucki A.B. (1999), Determination of structure of the NARMAX model for dynamic loudspeaker using the orthogonal algorithm, Forum Acusticum 1999, Berlin, March 14-19.
• 32. Pruchnicki P. (2002), Modelling of systems with weak nonlinearity using NARMAX method [in Polish], PhD. Thesis, Wrocław University of Technology.
• 33. Ravaud R., Lemarquand G., Roussel T. (2010), Ranking of the nonlinearities of electrodynamic loudspeakers, Archives of Acoustic, 35, 1, 49-66.
• 34. Remy M., Lemarquand G., Guyader G. (2009), An ironless large displacement flat piston loudspeaker, Archives of Acoustic, 34, 4, 591-600.
• 35. Schetzen M. (1989), Volterra and Wiener Theories of Nonlinear Systems, Krieger Publ., Malabar FL.
• 36. Shorter D. (1950), The Influence of High Order Products on Nonlinear Distortion, Electron. Eng., 22, 152-153.
• 37. Siczek R. (2008), Application of digital filters for measurement of nonlinear distortions in loudspeakers using Wolf's method, Acoustics '08, Paris, June 29 - July 4, 2008.
• 38. Siczek R., Dobrucki A. (2010), Measurement of the nonlinear distortions in loudspeakers with a broadband noise, Audio Engineering Society, 128th Convention, London, UK, Convention Paper 8009.
• 39. Straszewicz W. (1976), A criterion of nonlinear distortions [in Polish], Scientific Works of the R&D Center of Polish Broadcasting and Television, No. 25/1976.
• 40. Vanderkooy J., Lipshitz S.P. (1987), Dither in Digital Audio, J. Audio Eng. Soc., 35, 12, 966-975.
• 41. Vanderkooy J., Lipshitz S.P. (1992), Quantization and Dither: a Theoretical Survey, J. Audio Eng. Soc., 40, 5, 355-375.
• 42. Voishvillo A. (2006), Assessment of Nonlinearity in Transducers and Sound Systems - from THD to Perceptual Models, Audio Engineering Society, 121th Convention, San Francisco, USA, Convention Paper 6910.
• 43. Voishvillo A., Terekhov A., Czerwiński E., Aleksandrov S. (2004), Graphing, Interpretation, and Comparison of Results of Loudspeaker Nonlinear Distortion Measurements, J. Audio Eng. Soc., 52, 332-357.
• 44. Wolf V. (1953), Dynamic method of nonlinear distortion investigation [in Russian], Radiotekhnika, 8, 2, 27-37.
• 45. Zółtogórski B. (1993), Moving Boundary Conditions and Non-linear Propagation as Sources of Non-linear Distortions in Loudspeakers, J. Audio Eng. Soc., 41, 691-699.
• 46. Zółtogórski B. (1999a), Non-linear Distortions of Loudspeaker Radiators in Closed Enclosures, 106th AES Convention, Munich, Germany, Preprint 4894.
• 47. Zółtogórski B. (1999b), Closed and Vented Loudspeaker Enclosures as Causes of Nonlinearity, Audio Engineering Society, 107th Convention, New York, USA, Convention Paper 5014.