Early spring microplankton development under fast ice covered fjords of Svalbard, Arctic

• Autorzy: Wiktor J.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The chlorophyll a concentration, phytoplankton taxa succession, density, biomass and sedimentation was studied in three fjords of Svalbard in January, April and May 1995 and 1996. The fjords were covered with variable fast ice cover ranging in thickness from 0.4 to 1.5 m. Samples collected from the water column showed that only 10% of the algae could be classified as ice algae species. The fjord phytoplankton grew well under very poor light conditions (< 1% of incident radiation). The phytoplankton biomass ranged from 1.7 gC m-2 in winter to 15 gC m-2 in May. Heterotrophic flagellates made a significant contribution to the biomass (up to 98%), especially at stations with poor light conditions (inner fjord basins and thick ice cover).

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Arctic; phytoplankton; Svalbard

• Wydawca: Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Oceanology ; Elsevier
• Czasopismo: Oceanologia
• Rocznik: 1999
• Tom: No. 41 (1)
• Strony: 51--72
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 29 poz., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Wiktor J.

• Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81–712 Sopot, Poland,

Bibliografia

• 1. Alexander V., Horner R., Clasby R. C., 1974, Metabolism of Arctic sea ice organisms, Inst. Mar. Sci., Univ. Alaska Rep., R7, 120 pp.
• 2. Andreassen I. J., Wassman P., 1998, Vertical flux of phytoplankton and particulate biogenic matter in the marginal ice zone of the Barents Sea in May 1993, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 170, 1-14.
• 3. Apollonio S., 1961, The chlorophyll content of Arctic sea ice, Arctic, 14, 197-200.
• 4. Beszczyńska-M¨oller A., Węsławski J. M., Walczowski W., Zajączkowski M., 1997, Estimation of glacial meltwater discharge into Svalbard coastal waters, Oceanologia, 39 (3), 289-298.
• 5. Cross W. E., 1982, Under-ice biota at the Pond Inlet ice edge and in adjacent fast ice areas during spring, Arctic, 34, 13-27.
• 6. Eilertsen H. Ch., Taasen J. P., Węsławski J. M., 1989, Phytoplankton studies in the fjords of West Spitsbergen: physical environment and production in spring and summer, J. Plankton Res., 11, 1245-1260.
• 7. Gorlich K. A., Stepko W., 1992, Hydrological phenomena related to the sea ice formation and presence in Hornsund, Spitsbergen, [in:] Landscape, life world and man and High Arctic, K. W. Opaliński & R. Z. Klekowski (eds.), Inst. Ecol. PAS, Warszawa, 83-92.
• 8. Gradinger E., Spindler H. M., Henschel D., 1991, Development of Arctic sea-ice organisms under graded snow cover, Polar Res., 10, 295-307.
• 9. Gutt J., 1995, The occurrence of sub-ice algal aggregations off north-east Greenland, Polar Biol., 15, 247-252.
• 10. Halldal P., Halldal K., 1973, Phytoplankton, chlorophyll and submarine light conditions in Kings Bay, Spitsbergen, July 1971, Norw. J. Bot., 20, 99-108.
• 11. Hegseth E. N., 1992, Sub-ice algal assemblages of the Barents Sea. Species composition, chemical composition and growth rates, Polar Biol., 12, 485-496.
• 12. Heimdal B. R., 1983, Phytoplankton and nutrients in the waters north-west of Spitsbergen in the autumn of 1979, J. Plankton Res., 5, 901-918. Guidelines for the Baltic Monitoring Programme for second stage, 1983, Helsinki Comm., Helsinki.
• 13. Horner R., (ed.), 1985, Sea ice biota, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1-215.
• 14. Horner R. A., Alexander V., 1972, Algal populations in Arctic Sea ice: an investigation of heterotrophy, Limnol. Oceanogr., 17, 454.
• 15. Keck A., Wiktor J., Hapter R., Nielsen R., Phytoplankton assemblages in relations to an Arctic glacial fjord environment in summer, (in press).
• 16. Markowski D., Wiktor J., 1998, Phytoplankton and water masses in the European subarctic Polar Front zone, Oceanologia, 40 (1), 51-61.
• 17. Matheke G. E., Horner R., 1974, Primary productivity of benthic microalgae in the Chukchi Sea near Barrow, Alaska, J. Fish. Bd. Can., 31, 1779-1786.
• 18. Maykut G. A., Grenfell T. C., 1975, The spectral distribution of light beneath first-year sea ice in the Arctic Ocean, Limnol. Oceanogr., 20, 554-563.
• 19. Melnikov I., 1989, The ecosystem of the Arctic Sea ice, Izd. AN SSSR, Moskva, 191 pp., (in Russian).
• 20. Michell C., Legendre L., Therriault J. C., Demers S., Vandevelde T., 1993, Springtime coupling between ice algal and phytoplankton assemblages in south-eastern Hudson Bay, Canadian Arctic, Polar Biol., 13, 441-449.
• 21. Owrid G., N¨othig E.-M., Socal G., Luchetta A., Wiktor J., Andreassen I., Civitarese G., Schauer U., Sörensson F., Strass V., Spatial variability of phytoplankton and new production in the waters around Svalbard in relation to hydrological and nutrient conditions, (in preparation).
• 22. Perovich D. K., 1998, The optical properties of sea ice, Savonlinna Res. Conf. Papers, Helsinki, 195-230.
• 23. PRIMER, 1994, Software package, Plymouth Mar. Lab., Plymouth. Savonlinna conference papers, 1998 [in:] Physics of ice coverd seas, Helsinki Univ., Helsinki, 1, 2.
• 24. Schei B., Eilertsen H. C., Falk Petersen S., Gulliksen B., Taasen J. P., 1979, Marinbiologiske undersokelser i Van Mijenfjorden etter oljekkasje ved Sveagruva 1978, Tromura Naturvitenskap, 2, 1-50.
• 25. Tremblay C., Runge J. A., Legendre L., 1989, Grazing and sedimentation of ice algae during and immediately after a bloom at the ice water interface, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 56, 291-300.
• 26. Utermöhl H., 1958, Zur Vervollkommnung der quantitativen Phytoplankton-Methodik, Mitt. Int. Ver. Theor. Angew. Limnol., 9, 1-38.
• 27. Węsławski J. M., Kwaśniewski S., Wiktor J., 1994, Winter in an Arctic fjord ecosystem, Arctic, 44, 115-123.
• 28. Węsławski J. M., Kwaśniewski S., Wiktor J., Zajączkowski M., 1993, Fast ice biota in Spitsbergen fjords, Pol. Polar Res., 14, 331-343.
• 29. Węsławski J. M., Wiktor J., Zajączkowski M., Wieczorek P., Kotwicki L., 1997, The coastal edge of NEW polynya in spring 1993, J. Mar. Sys., 10, 429-444.