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Tytuł artykułu

Uncertainty in estimating mean solar radiation fluxes at the Baltic surface from irregular ship-borne meteorological observations

Autorzy
Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
The influence of the technique of sampling of meteorological conditions and the number of observations on uncertainties in estimates of the solar radiation flux in the Baltic region is analysed. A semi-empirical model, applied to regular meteorological observations from two Baltic island stations, Gotska Sandon and Arkona, was employed to derive solar radiation fluxes (downward irradiances) for error analysis. The impact of several factors, i.e. consistent sampling at one observation time, using both daytime and night-time observations in the flux calculations, and consistent oversampling during the same part of a month on systematic uncertainties in the monthly mean flux estimates are discussed. The random errors resulting from an insufficient number of observations used in the flux calculations and error reduction with an increasing number of observations are analysed with respect to batch and random sampling. The statistical correlation of consecutive meteorological observations (meteorological conditions represented by the zenithal transmittance of irradiance) was also investigated with respect to errors in the estimation of the solar radiation flux for the Baltic Sea region.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Strony
25--50
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 29 poz., wykr.
Twórcy
  • Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55, 81–712 Sopot, Poland, ania@iopan.gda.pl
Bibliografia
  • 1. Alexander V., Horner R., Clasby R. C., 1974, Metabolism of Arctic sea ice organisms, Inst. Mar. Sci., Univ. Alaska Rep., R7, 120 pp.
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  • 6. Eilertsen H. Ch., Taasen J. P., Węsławski J. M., 1989, Phytoplankton studies in the fjords of West Spitsbergen: physical environment and production in spring and summer, J. Plankton Res., 11, 1245-1260.
  • 7. Gorlich K. A., Stepko W., 1992, Hydrological phenomena related to the sea ice formation and presence in Hornsund, Spitsbergen, [in:] Landscape, life world and man and High Arctic, K. W. Opaliński & R. Z. Klekowski (eds.), Inst. Ecol. PAS, Warszawa, 83-92.
  • 8. Gradinger E., Spindler H. M., Henschel D., 1991, Development of Arctic sea-ice organisms under graded snow cover, Polar Res., 10, 295-307.
  • 9. Gutt J., 1995, The occurrence of sub-ice algal aggregations off north-east Greenland, Polar Biol., 15, 247-252.
  • 10. Halldal P., Halldal K., 1973, Phytoplankton, chlorophyll and submarine light conditions in Kings Bay, Spitsbergen, July 1971, Norw. J. Bot., 20, 99-108.
  • 11. Hegseth E. N., 1992, Sub-ice algal assemblages of the Barents Sea. Species composition, chemical composition and growth rates, Polar Biol., 12, 485-496.
  • 12. Heimdal B. R., 1983, Phytoplankton and nutrients in the waters north-west of Spitsbergen in the autumn of 1979, J. Plankton Res., 5, 901-918. Guidelines for the Baltic Monitoring Programme for second stage, 1983, Helsinki Comm., Helsinki.
  • 13. Horner R., (ed.), 1985, Sea ice biota, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1-215.
  • 14. Horner R. A., Alexander V., 1972, Algal populations in Arctic Sea ice: an investigation of heterotrophy, Limnol. Oceanogr., 17, 454.
  • 15. Keck A., Wiktor J., Hapter R., Nielsen R., Phytoplankton assemblages in relations to an Arctic glacial fjord environment in summer, (in press).
  • 16. Markowski D., Wiktor J., 1998, Phytoplankton and water masses in the European subarctic Polar Front zone, Oceanologia, 40 (1), 51-61.
  • 17. Matheke G. E., Horner R., 1974, Primary productivity of benthic microalgae in the Chukchi Sea near Barrow, Alaska, J. Fish. Bd. Can., 31, 1779-1786.
  • 18. Maykut G. A., Grenfell T. C., 1975, The spectral distribution of light beneath first-year sea ice in the Arctic Ocean, Limnol. Oceanogr., 20, 554-563.
  • 19. Melnikov I., 1989, The ecosystem of the Arctic Sea ice, Izd. AN SSSR, Moskva, 191 pp., (in Russian).
  • 20. Michell C., Legendre L., Therriault J. C., Demers S., Vandevelde T., 1993, Springtime coupling between ice algal and phytoplankton assemblages in south-eastern Hudson Bay, Canadian Arctic, Polar Biol., 13, 441-449.
  • 21. Owrid G., N¨othig E.-M., Socal G., Luchetta A., Wiktor J., Andreassen I., Civitarese G., Schauer U., Sörensson F., Strass V., Spatial variability of phytoplankton and new production in the waters around Svalbard in relation to hydrological and nutrient conditions, (in preparation).
  • 22. Perovich D. K., 1998, The optical properties of sea ice, Savonlinna Res. Conf. Papers, Helsinki, 195-230.
  • 23. PRIMER, 1994, Software package, Plymouth Mar. Lab., Plymouth. Savonlinna conference papers, 1998 [in:] Physics of ice coverd seas, Helsinki Univ., Helsinki, 1, 2.
  • 24. Schei B., Eilertsen H. C., Falk Petersen S., Gulliksen B., Taasen J. P., 1979, Marinbiologiske undersokelser i Van Mijenfjorden etter oljekkasje ved Sveagruva 1978, Tromura Naturvitenskap, 2, 1-50.
  • 25. Tremblay C., Runge J. A., Legendre L., 1989, Grazing and sedimentation of ice algae during and immediately after a bloom at the ice water interface, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 56, 291-300.
  • 26. Utermöhl H., 1958, Zur Vervollkommnung der quantitativen Phytoplankton-Methodik, Mitt. Int. Ver. Theor. Angew. Limnol., 9, 1-38.
  • 27. Węsławski J. M., Kwaśniewski S., Wiktor J., 1994, Winter in an Arctic fjord ecosystem, Arctic, 44, 115-123.
  • 28. Węsławski J. M., Kwaśniewski S., Wiktor J., Zajączkowski M., 1993, Fast ice biota in Spitsbergen fjords, Pol. Polar Res., 14, 331-343.
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Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BUS8-0015-0002
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