Nitrogen species and macroelements in aerosols over the southern Baltic Sea

• Autorzy: Nadstazik A. , Marks R. , Schulz M.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The annual cycle of atmospheric nitrogen species and macroelements (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and Cl–) over the south-eastern Baltic region was investigated. A one-year record enabled the variability of nitrogen species and macroelements in the aerosol over the coastal station at Hel to be traced. The highest concentrations of sea salt components were recorded in summer, while anthropogenic nitrate concentrations were highest in winter. When the air masses were of mixed marine and continental origin, the nitric acid reacted with coarse sea salt particles to form stable, coarse sodium nitrate. This seems to be a permanent removal pathway for nitrate. Anthropogenic aerosol species like NH4+ or NO3– formed by gas-to-particle conversion were generally associated with fine particles (<1 žm). Coarse particles like sodium or chloride resulted from resuspension from seawater.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

aerosol; nitrogen species; macroelements; Hel Peninsula

• Wydawca: Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Oceanology ; Elsevier
• Czasopismo: Oceanologia
• Rocznik: 2000
• Tom: No. 42 (4)
• Strony: 411--424
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 24 poz., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Nadstazik A.

autor

Marks R.

autor

Schulz M.

• Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland,

Bibliografia

• 1. Alfa, 1992, Water and wastes. Determination of pollutants in atmospheric precipitation. Analysis of the sum of nitrite and nitrate ions and nitrite ions by colorimetric method, PN-91/C-04642/05, Wyd. Norm., 1-4, (in Polish).
• 2. BockL. A. de, Malderen H. van, Grieken R. E. van, 1994, Individual aerosol particle composition variations in air masses crossing the North Sea, Environm. Sci. Technol., 28, 1513-1520.
• 3. EMEP, 1977, Co-operative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe, Manual for sampling and chemical analysis, Chem., 3.
• 4. Grasshoff K., Ehrhardt M., Kremling K., 1983, Methods of seawater analysis, Verlag Chem., Weinheim, 22-23.
• 5. Hak Sung Lee, Choong-Min Kang, Byung-WookKang, Hui-Kang Kim, 1999, Seasonal variations of acidic air pollutants in Seoul, South Korea, Atm. Environm., 33, 3143-3152.
• 6. Harrison R. M., Msibi I. M., 1994, Validation of techniques for fast-response measurements of HNO3 and NH3 and determination of NH3, HNO3 concentration product, Atm. Environm., 28, 247-255.
• 7. Harrison R. M., Pio C. A., 1983, Major ion composition and chemical associations of inorganic atmospheric aerosols, Environm. Sci. Technol., 17, 169-174.
• 8. Hillamo R. E., Kauppinen E. I., 1991, Size distributions of inorganic ions in atmospheric aerosol in Norway, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 14, 33-47.
• 9. John W., Wall S. M., Ondo J., 1988, A new method for nitric acid and nitrate aerosol measurement using the dichotomous sampler, Atm. Environm., 22, 1627-1635.
• 10. Müller K, 1999, A 3-year study of the aerosol in northwest Saxony (Germany), Atm. Environm., 33, 1697-1685.
• 11. Nadstazik A., 1999, The influence of land and sea on the chemical composition of aerosols in the coastal zone of the Gulf of Gdańsk, Ph. D. thesis, Inst. Oceanogr., Uniw. Gdańsk, Gdynia, (in Polish).
• 12. Ottley C. J., Harrison R. M., 1994, The spatial distribution and particle size of some inorganic nitrogen, sulphur and chlorine species over the North Sea, Atm. Environm., 26, 1689-1699.
• 13. Pakkanen T. A., 1996, Study of formation of coarse particle nitrate aerosol, Atm. Environm., 30, 2475-2482.
• 14. Pio C. A., Harrison R. W., 1987, Vapour pressure of ammonium chloride aerosol: effect of temperature and humidity, Atm. Environm., 21, 2711-2715.
• 15. Pio C. A., Nunes T. V., Leal R. M., 1992, Kinetic and thermodynamic behaviour of volatile ammonium compounds in industrial and marine atmospheres, Atm. Environm., 26 A, 3, 505-512.
• 16. Plate E., Schulz M., 1997, Coarse nitrate formation in a coastal area of the North Sea, J. Aerosol Sci., 28, 5333-5334.
• 17. Plate E., Stahlschmidt T., Schulz M., Dannecker W., 1995, The influence of air-sea exchange on the partitioning of N-species during transport over sea, [in:] Third international symposium on air-water gas transfer, B. Jaehne & E. C. Monahan (eds.), AEON-Verlag, Hanau, 735-744.
• 18. Schulz M., Fluxes across marine surfaces, Proc. EUROTRAC Symp. ′96, P. Borrell (ed.), (in press).
• 19. Seinfeld J. H., 1986, Atmospheric chemistry and physics of air pollution, A. Willey, Intersci. Pub., Pasadena, California, 122-213.
• 20. Sopauskiene D., Budvytyte D., 1994, Chemical characteristic of atmospheric aerosol in a rural site of Lithuania, Atm. Environm., 28, 1291-1296.
• 21. Stelson A. W., Seinfeld J. H., 1982, Relative humidity and temperature dependence of the ammonium nitrate dissociation constant, Atm. Environm., 16, 983-992.
• 22. Ten BrinkH. M., Kruisz C., Kos G. P. A., Berner A., 1997, Composition/size of the light-scattering aerosol, in the Netherlands, Atm. Environm., 23, 3955-3962.
• 23. Yoshizumi L., Hoshi A., 1985, Size distributions of ammonium nitrate and sodium nitrate in atmospheric aerosols, Environm. Sci. Technol., 19, 258-261.
• 24. Wall S. M., John W., Ondo J. L., 1988, Measurement of aerosol size distribution for nitrate and major ionic species, Atm. Environm., 22, 16491656.
• 1. Alfa, 1992, Water and wastes. Determination of pollutants in atmospheric precipitation. Analysis of the sum of nitrite and nitrate ions and nitrite ions by colorimetric method, PN-91/C-04642/05, Wyd. Norm., 1-4, (in Polish).
• 2. BockL. A. de, Malderen H. van, Grieken R. E. van, 1994, Individual aerosol particle composition variations in air masses crossing the North Sea, Environm. Sci. Technol., 28, 1513-1520.
• 3. EMEP, 1977, Co-operative Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-range Transmission of Air Pollutants in Europe, Manual for sampling and chemical analysis, Chem., 3.
• 4. Grasshoff K., Ehrhardt M., Kremling K., 1983, Methods of seawater analysis, Verlag Chem., Weinheim, 22-23.
• 5. Hak Sung Lee, Choong-Min Kang, Byung-WookKang, Hui-Kang Kim, 1999, Seasonal variations of acidic air pollutants in Seoul, South Korea, Atm. Environm., 33, 3143-3152.
• 6. Harrison R. M., Msibi I. M., 1994, Validation of techniques for fast-response measurements of HNO3 and NH3 and determination of NH3, HNO3 concentration product, Atm. Environm., 28, 247-255.
• 7. Harrison R. M., Pio C. A., 1983, Major ion composition and chemical associations of inorganic atmospheric aerosols, Environm. Sci. Technol., 17, 169-174.
• 8. Hillamo R. E., Kauppinen E. I., 1991, Size distributions of inorganic ions in atmospheric aerosol in Norway, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 14, 33-47.
• 9. John W., Wall S. M., Ondo J., 1988, A new method for nitric acid and nitrate aerosol measurement using the dichotomous sampler, Atm. Environm., 22, 1627-1635.
• 10. Müller K, 1999, A 3-year study of the aerosol in northwest Saxony (Germany), Atm. Environm., 33, 1697-1685.
• 11. Nadstazik A., 1999, The influence of land and sea on the chemical composition of aerosols in the coastal zone of the Gulf of Gdańsk, Ph. D. thesis, Inst. Oceanogr., Uniw. Gdańsk, Gdynia, (in Polish).
• 12. Ottley C. J., Harrison R. M., 1994, The spatial distribution and particle size of some inorganic nitrogen, sulphur and chlorine species over the North Sea, Atm. Environm., 26, 1689-1699.
• 13. Pakkanen T. A., 1996, Study of formation of coarse particle nitrate aerosol, Atm. Environm., 30, 2475-2482.
• 14. Pio C. A., Harrison R. W., 1987, Vapour pressure of ammonium chloride aerosol: effect of temperature and humidity, Atm. Environm., 21, 2711-2715.
• 15. Pio C. A., Nunes T. V., Leal R. M., 1992, Kinetic and thermodynamic behaviour of volatile ammonium compounds in industrial and marine atmospheres, Atm. Environm., 26 A, 3, 505-512.
• 16. Plate E., Schulz M., 1997, Coarse nitrate formation in a coastal area of the North Sea, J. Aerosol Sci., 28, 5333-5334.
• 17. Plate E., Stahlschmidt T., Schulz M., Dannecker W., 1995, The influence of air-sea exchange on the partitioning of N-species during transport over sea, [in:] Third international symposium on air-water gas transfer, B. Jaehne & E. C. Monahan (eds.), AEON-Verlag, Hanau, 735-744.
• 18. Schulz M., Fluxes across marine surfaces, Proc. EUROTRAC Symp. ′96, P. Borrell (ed.), (in press).
• 19. Seinfeld J. H., 1986, Atmospheric chemistry and physics of air pollution, A. Willey, Intersci. Pub., Pasadena, California, 122-213.
• 20. Sopauskiene D., Budvytyte D., 1994, Chemical characteristic of atmospheric aerosol in a rural site of Lithuania, Atm. Environm., 28, 1291-1296.
• 21. Stelson A. W., Seinfeld J. H., 1982, Relative humidity and temperature dependence of the ammonium nitrate dissociation constant, Atm. Environm., 16, 983-992.
• 22. Ten BrinkH. M., Kruisz C., Kos G. P. A., Berner A., 1997, Composition/size of the light-scattering aerosol, in the Netherlands, Atm. Environm., 23, 3955-3962.
• 23. Yoshizumi L., Hoshi A., 1985, Size distributions of ammonium nitrate and sodium nitrate in atmospheric aerosols, Environm. Sci. Technol., 19, 258-261.
• 24. Wall S. M., John W., Ondo J. L., 1988, Measurement of aerosol size distribution for nitrate and major ionic species, Atm. Environm., 22, 16491656.