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Polish rivers, which make up 20% of the Baltic Sea’s catchment area, transport a load of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds into the sea. Theoretically, this load should be strongly correlated with the amount of water flowing in those rivers. However, this is not the case, especially in terms of the phosphorus compounds, since most of them come from point source pollution. The outflow load is also significantly influenced by nonpoint source pollution from farmland, which is very difficult to quantify. About 50% of nitrogen and 30% of phosphorus appear to come from nonpoint source pollution. It is important to realize that the load from nonpoint source pollution also includes the load of phosphorus and nitrogen transformed by lakes. Only recently, however, has this issue been mentioned in the specialist literature. In Polish studies on lake balance this remains a marginal issue. A limited number of observations indicate that lakes are capable of both limiting and increasing the load (mainly from the bottom sediments). This article presents some data on this issue which suggest that the roles of lakes in the transformation of the load of biogenic substances may be significant, but diverse.
Słowa kluczowe
Czasopismo
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Tom
Strony
116--123
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 29 poz., rys., tab., wykr.
Twórcy
autor
autor
- University of Gdańsk, Institute of Geography, Department of Lakelands Geography, Poland
Bibliografia
- 1.Bajkiewicz-Grabowska E., 2002, Circulation of master in the river-lake systems, University of Warsaw, pp. 274 (in Polish)
- 2.Bajkiewicz-Grabowska E., Hillbricht-Ilkowska A., Zdanowski B., 1992, Assessment of degradation, water quality and rate of lakes' eutrophication [in:] Jeziora Wigierskiego Parku Krajobrazowego, Zesz. Nauk PAN, Kom. "Człowiek i Środowisko" nr 3 (in Polish)
- 3.Bajkiewicz-Grabowska, Zdanowski B., 2006, Phosphorus retention in lake section of Struga Siedmiu Jezior, Limnological Review, vol. 6.(5-12)
- 4.Bogdanowicz R., 2004, Hydrological foctors influencing transport of selected nitrogen and phosphorus compounds from the Odra River, the Vistula River and Polish coastal riverso to the Balic Sea, Wyd. Uniw. Gdańskiego., pp. 160 (in Polish)
- 5.Choiński A., 1992, Directory of Polish Lakes, Vol. 3, Wyd. Fund. "Warta", Poznań, pp. 149 (in Polish)
- 6.Czarnecka H.(ed.), 2005, Atlas of hydrographical division, IMGW Warsaw (in Polish)
- 7.Dojlido J., Niemirycz E., Krokowski J., Morawiec P., 1994, Transport of biogenic substances by the Vistula River, Wiadomości IMGW, vol. 17,issue 2, pp. 73-85 (in Polish)
- 8.Environment, 2008, Central Statistical Office, Warsaw (in Polish)
- 9.Gołdyn R., 2000, Changes in biological and physico-chemical parameters of river water quality as a result of its damming in preliminary lowland reservois, Wyd. Nauk. UAM, Poznan, p. 185 (in Polish)
- 10.Gromiec M., 2004, National Program of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants, IMGW (in Polish)
- 11.Gutry-Korycka M., 1982, Polish' water balance by Lwowicz, Gosp. Wodna, Vol. 11-12
- 12.HELCOM, 2004 - Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings No. 93, The Fourth Baltic Sea Pollution Load Compilation
- 13.HELCOM, 2010, Hazardous substances in the Baltic Sea, Baltic Sea Environment Proceedings
- 14.Hillbricht-Ilkowska A., 1994, Evolution of the phosphorus load, and degree of endangerment, of lakes in Suwałki Landscape Park and some relationships between the load and the indices of the trophic status of lakes, Zesz. Nauk. PAN, Kom. "Człowiek i Środowisko" vol. 7: 201-214, (in Polish)
- 15.Jańczak J. (ed.), Vol. 1 (1996), Vol. 2 (1997), Vol. 3 (1999), The Atlas of Polish Lakes, Bogucki Wyd. Naukowe, Poznań, pp. Vol. 1 - 268, Vol. 2 - 256, Vol. 3 - 240, (in Polish)
- 16.Jańczak J., 1997, Changes in water quality of lakes on the bases of watermark monitoring studies of Polish lakes in the years 1991-1995, Environmental Monitoring Library, Warsaw, pp. 116, (in Polish)
- 17.Jańczak J., 2002, Optimalization of methods and measurement network over lakes and their role in transformation of flow and main biogens, Wiad. IMGW, 2: 39-54, (in Polish)
- 18.Jańczak J., Maślanka W., Nowiński K., 2007, The impact of selected Pomerania lakes on nutrient load transformation, Limn. Rev., 7(4): 187-193
- 19.Kaczmarek Z., 1978, Zasoby wodne Polski i zasady ich racjonalnego użytkowania, Nauka Polska 8, (in Polish)
- 20.Kajak Z., 1998, Hydrobiology - Limnology. Freshwater ecosystems, PWN, Warsaw, pp. 355 (in Polish)
- 21.Maślanka W., Jańczak J., 2010, Circulation of biogenic substances in the Kamionka river-lake system, Limn. Rev., 10(2): 95-101
- 22.Mioduszewski W., Zdanowicz A., Mannowski R., Seidl J., Dumlich D., Radczuk L., Kajewski L., 2000, Ocena ładunku azotu i fosforu ze żródeł rolniczych wnoszonego do rzek w zlewni Odry, Gosp. Wodna 11, (in Polish)
- 23.Niemirycz E., 2008, Halogenated organic compounds in the environment in relation to climate change, Environmental Monitoring Library, Warsaw, pp. 1-130
- 24.Niemirycz E., 2011, Inflow of Chemical Substances by Rivers, chapter 5.2, [in:] Uścinowicz Sz. (ed.), Geochemistry of Baltic Sea Surface Sediments, in press
- 25.Niemirycz E., Bogacka T., Taylor R., 1996, The Polish contribution to the Total pollution input to the Baltic Sea, Reports of Institute Meteorology and Water management, 19(3), Warsaw
- 26.Niemirycz E., Taylor R., Makowski Z., 1993, Zagrożenie substancjami biogennymi wód powierzchniowych, Biblioteka Monitoringu Środowiska, Warsaw, p. 90, (in Polish)
- 27.Stachý J.(ed.), 1987, Hydrological Atlas of Poland, Warsaw, (in Polish)
- 28.Taylor R., Bogacka T., Rybiński J., Niemirycz E., Żelechowska A., Makowski Z., Korzec E., 1992, Rolnicze zanieczyszczenia obszarowe w wodach powierzchniowych, Environment Monitoring Library, Warsaw, (in Polish)
- 29.Uchmański J., Szeligiewicz W., 1988, Empirical models for prediction water quality applied to the data on lakes of Poland, Ekol. Pol. 36
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BUS8-0012-0046