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The current state of understanding the North Sea's physical system is presented. First, basic phenomena like astronomical tides and general circulation will be described and analysed with respect to their physical nature and respective interactions. There will be special focus on fundamental dynamic balances. Next, some specific topics relevant to the marine ecosystem, the economy and society will be considered: among them, spreading and transport processes, the fresh water budget, the heat budget and storm surges. A separate section is dedicated to the North Sea of Tomorrow, i.e. the prospective variations of the physical environment resulting from global changes in future decades. The statements are based on the long experience of the authors and their groups and include findings that are little known if at all. The review finishes with a list of open questions and the corresponding research demands.
Słowa kluczowe
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
663--689
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 30 poz., rys., wykr.
Twórcy
autor
autor
- Institute of Oceanography, University of Hamburg, Bundesstr. 53, Hamburg D-20146, Germany, juergen.suendermann@zmaw.de
Bibliografia
- 1.Backhaus J.O., 1985, A three-dimensional model for the simulation of shelf sea dynamics, Dt. Hydrogr. Z., 38 (4), 165-187. doi:10.1007/BF02328975
- 2.Backhaus J.O., Pohlmann T., Hainbucher D., 1986, Regional aspects of the circulation on the North European shelf, ICES Hydrogr. Comm., C38, p. 9.
- 3.Brettschneider G., 1967, Anwendung des hydrodynamisch-numerischen Verfahrens zur Ermittlung der M2-Mitschwingungsgezeit der Nordsee, Mitt. Inst. Meereskd. Univ. Hamburg, 7, 65 pp.
- 4.Charnock H., Dyer K.R., Huthnance J.M., Liss P. S., Simpson J.H., Tett P.B. (eds.), 1994, Understanding the North Sea system, Chapman & Hall, London, 222 pp.
- 5.Damm P., 1997, Die saisonale Salzgehalts- und Frischwasserverteilung in der Nordsee und ihre Bilanzierung, Ber. Zentr. Meeres- Klimaforsch. Univ. Hamburg, B(28), 259 pp.
- 6.Delhez E. J.M., Damm P., de Goede E., de Kok J.M., Dumas F., Gerritsen H., Jones J.E., Ozer J., Pohlmann T., Rasch P. S., Skogen M., Proctor R., 2004, Variability of shelf-seas hydrodynamic models: lessons from the NOMADS2 Project, J. Marine Syst., 45 (1-2), 39-53. doi:10.1016/j.jmarsys.2003.09.003
- 7.Edwards M., Reid P., 2001, Implications of wider Atlantic influences on regional seas with particular reference to phytoplankton populations and eutrophication, OSPAR Convent. Protect. Mar. Environ. North Atlantic,Eutrophicat. Task Group (ETG), London, 10 pp.
- 8.Hewer R., 1980, Untersuchung zur Entwicklung von Extremsturmfluten an der deutschen Nordseeküste auf der Basis hydrodynamisch-numerischer Modelle, Diplomarbeit, Univ. Hamburg.
- 9.Jungclaus J., Wagner V., 1988, Meeresspiegelanstieg und seine Auswirkungen auf das Schwingungssystem der Nordsee, Diplomarbeit, Univ. Hamburg, 132 pp.
- 10.Kauker F., 1998, Regionalization of climate model results for the North Sea, Dissertation, Univ. Hamburg, 111 pp.
- 11.Laane R., van Leussen W., Berlamont J., Sündermann J., van RaaphorstW., Colijn F., 1996, North-West European Shelf Programme (NOWESP): an overview, Dt. Hydrogr. Z., 48 (3-4), 217-230. doi:10.1007/BF02799372
- 12.Langenberg H., Pfitzenmayer A., von Storch H., Sündermann, 1999, Stormrelated sea level variations along the North Sea coast: natural variability and anthropogenic change, Cont. Shelf Res., 19 (6), 821-842. doi:10.1016/S0278-4343(98)00113-7
- 13.Löwe P., Koslowski G., 1993, The western Baltic sea ice season in terms of a massrelated severity index: 1879-1992. Part II: Spectral characteristics and the associations with the NAO, QBO and solar cycle, BSH - Sea Ice Branch Report No. 2, 26 pp.
- 14.Lozan J., Rachor E., Reise K., Sündermann J., von Westernhagen H. (eds.), 2003, Warnsignale aus Nordsee und Wattenmeer. Eine aktuelle Umweltbilanz, Wiss. Auswertungen, Hamburg, 447 pp.
- 15.Otto L., Zimmermann J.T. F., Furnes G.K., Mork M., Saetre R., Becker G., 1990, Review of the physical oceanography of the North Sea, Neth. J. Sea Res., 26(2-4), 161-238. doi:10.1016/0077-7579(90)90091-T
- 16.Pohlmann T., 1996. Calculating the development of the thermal vertical stratification in the North Sea with a three-dimensional baroclinic circulation model, Cont. Shelf Res., 16 (2), 163-194. doi:10.1016/0278-4343(95)00018-V
- 17.Pohlmann T., 2003, Eine Bewertung der hydro-thermodynamischen Nordseemodellierung, Ber. Zentr. Meeres- Klimaforsch. Univ. Hamburg, B(46), 141 pp.
- 18.Pohlmann T., 2006, A meso-scale model of the central and southern North Sea: consequences of an improved resolution, Cont. Shelf Res., 26 (19), 2367-2385. doi:10.1016/j.csr.2006.06.011
- 19.Prandle D. (ed.), 2000, Pre-operational modelling in the shelf seas of Europe. The PROMISE Project, Coast. Eng., 41 (1-3), 359 pp.
- 20.Proctor R. (ed.), 1997, NOMADS - North Sea model advection-dispersion study. Final Report, POL Internal Document No. 108, 55 pp.
- 21.Ruddick K. (ed.), 1997, Processes in regions of freshwater influence (PROFILE), J. Marine Syst., 12 (1-4), 323 pp.
- 22.Sager G., 1959, Gezeiten und Schiffahrt, Fachbuchverlag, Leipzig, 173 pp.
- 23.Sarkisyan A. S., Sündermann J., 2009,Modelling ocean climate variability, Springer, 374 pp. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-9208-4
- 24.Schrum C., Sigismund F., 2001, Modellkonfiguration des Nordsee/Ostsee-Modells. 40-Jahres NCEP Integration, Ber. Zentr. Meeres- Klimaforsch. Univ. Hamburg, B(4), 178 pp.
- 25.Sündermann J., 1966, Ein Vergleich zwischen der analytischen und der numerischen Berechnung winderzeugter Strömungen und Wasserstände in einem Modellmeer mit Anwendungen auf die Nordsee, Mitt. Inst. Meereskd. Univ. Hamburg, 4, 100 pp.
- 26.Sündermann J. (ed.), 1994, Circulation and contaminant fluxes in the North Sea, Springer, Berlin, 654 pp.
- 27.Sündermann J., 2003a, Forschungsbedarf, [in:] Warnsignale aus Nordsee und Wattenmeer, J.E. Lozan, E. Rachor, K. Reise, J. Sündermann & H. von Westernhagen (eds.), Wiss. Auswertungen, Hamburg, 408-412.
- 28.Sündermann J., 2003b, The changing North Sea: knowledge, speculation and new challenges, Oceanologia, 45 (2), 247-259.
- 29.Sündermann J., Becker G., Damm P., van den Eynde D., Frohse A., Laane R., van Leussen W., Pohlmann T., van Raaphorst W., Radach G., Schultz H., Visser M., 1996, Decadal variability on the Northwest European shelf, Dt. Hydrogr. Z., 48 (3-4), 365-400. doi:10.1007/BF02799379
- 30.Sündermann J., Beddig S., Kröncke I., Radach G., Schlünzen H., 2001, The changing North Sea - knowledge, speculation and new challenges, Ber. Zentr. Meeres- Klimaforsch. Univ. Hamburg, Z (3), 358 pp.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BUS8-0009-0032