Trace elements and mineral assemblage as palaeoenvironmental markers in the Cenomanian/Turonian Magierowa Member (Pieniny Klippen Belt, West Carpathians)

• Autorzy: Wójcik-Tabol P.
• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

The studied sediments of the Magierowa Member corespond to the Cenomanian/Turonian OAE 2. A better understanding of the genesis and palaeoenvironmental setting of this unit was achieved by means of geochemical indicators integrated with mineral composition. It suggests a strong influence of palaeoproductivity/redox cycles. The black shales are characterised by the enhanced accumulation and preservation of marine-derived organic matter. Lamination and enrich- ment of redox-sensitive elements (e.g., Ag, Cd, Mo, V) imply periodic prevalence of anoxic/euxinic conditions within the sediment (pore water) occasionally extending to the sediment/water interface. The bioturbated claystone intervals record periods of low productivity and development of more normal-marine conditions on the bottom. Furthermore, low Mn-contents, broad pyrite size-distribu- tion and presence of marine-origin organic matter suggest that an oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) must have existed within the water column during accumulation. The mineral assemblage of the Magierowa Mbr includes clay minerals, quartz, feldspar and iron minerals. Mineralogical data comparing with some gechemical ratios: Ti/Al, K/Al, Rb/Al suggest pelagic regime of deposition. Well-crystallised illite corresponding with high kerogen maturation and large iron mineral point to advanced diagenesis.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

trace elements; illite; pyrite; organic matter; redox conditions; oceanic anoxic events; Cenomanian-Turonian; Magierowa Member; Pieniny Klippen Belt; Carpathians

• Wydawca: Instytut Nauk Geologicznych PAN
• Czasopismo: Studia Geologica Polonica
• Rocznik: 2008
• Tom: Vol. 131
• Strony: 247--268
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 67 poz., mapki, tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Wójcik-Tabol P.

• Institute of Geological Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Oleandry 2a, 30-063 Kraków, Poland,

Bibliografia

• 1.Alexandrowicz, S. W., Birkenmajer, K., Scheibner, E. & Scheibnerová, V., 1968. Comparison of Cretaceous stratigraphy in the Pieniny Klippen Belt (Carpathians). Bulletin de l'Académie Polonaise des Sciences, 16, (2): 77-90.
• 2.Andrusov, D., Bystrický, J. & Fusan, O., 1973. Outline of the structure of the West Carpathians: Guidebook for Excursion. Tenth Congress of the Carpathian-Balkan Geological Association, GÚDS Bratislava: 5-44.
• 3.Arthur, M. A., Brumsack, H. J., Jenkyns, H. C. & Schlanger, S. O., 1990. Stratigraphy, geochemistry and paleoceanography of organic carbon-rich Cretaceous sequences. In: R. N. Ginsburg, & B. Beaugoin (eds.), Cretaceous Resources, Events and Rhythms, Elsevier; Amsterdam: 75-119.
• 4.Bąk, K. & Bąk, M., 1994. Microfaunal assemblages of the Upper Cenomanian/Lower Turonian anoxic deposits in the Pieniny Klippen Belt, Carpathians, Poland. Abstract Book of Annual Assembly IGCP Project No. 362, Tethyan andBoreal Cretaceous, Smolenice (Slovakia): 73-74.
• 5.Bąk, M., 1999. Cretaceous Radiolaria from the Pieniny Succession, Pieniny Klippen Belt, Polish Carpathians. Studia Geologica Polonica, 115: 91-115.
• 6.Bąk, K., 2006. Sedimentological, geochemical and microfaunal responses to environmental changes around the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary in the Outer Carpathian Basin; a record from the Subsilesian Nappe, Poland. Palaeogeography,Palaeoecology, Palaeoclimatology, 237: 335-358.
• 7.Bąk, K., 2007. Environmental changes during the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event in the Outer Carpathian basins: a synthesis of data from various tectonic-facies units. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 77: 171-191.
• 8.Birkenmajer, K., 1979. Przewodnik geologiczny po pienińskim pasie skałkowym (Pieniny Klippen Belt of Poland, Geological Guide - in Polish). Wydawnictwa Geologiczne. Warszawa: 236 pp.
• 9.Birkenmajer, K., 1986. Stages of structural evolution of the Pieniny Klippen Belt, Carpathians. Studia Geologica Polonica, 88: 7-32.
• 10.Birkenmajer, K. & Jednorowska, A, 1984. Upper Cretaceous stratigraphy in the Pieniny Nappe at Sromowce Niżne, Pieniny Klippen Belt, Carpathians, Poland). Studia Geologica Polonica, 83: 25-50.
• 11.Birkemajer, K. & Jednorowska, A., 1987. Late Cretaceous foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Pieniny Klippen Belt. Studia Geologica Polonica, 92: 7-28.
• 12.Breint, G. N. & Wanty, R. B., 1991. Vanadium accumulation in carbonaceous rocks: a review of geochemical controls during deposition and diagenesis. Chemical Geology, 91: 83-97.
• 13.Brindley, G. W. & Brown, G., 1980. Crystal structures of clay minerals and their X-ray identification. Mineralogical Society Monograph, 5, London. 495 pp.
• 14.Brumsack, H. J., 1980. Geochemistry of Cretaceous black shales from the Atlantic Ocean (DSDP Legs 11, 14, 36, 41). Chemical Geology, 31: 1-25.
• 15.Brumsack, H. J., 1986. The inorganic geochemistry of Cretaceous black shales (DSDP 41) in comparison to modern upwelling sediments from the Gulf of California. In: C.P. Summerhayes & N. J. Shackleton (eds), North Atlantic palaeoceanography. Geological Society, London, Special Publication, 21: 447-462.
• 16.Brumsack, H. J., 1989. Geochemistry of recent TOC-rich sediments from the Gulf of California and the Black Sea. International Journal of Earth Sciences Geologische Rundschau, 78, (3): 1437-3254.
• 17.Chamley, H., 1989. Clay Sedimentology, Springer-Verlag; Berlin. 623 pp.
• 18.Clark, J. S., 1988. Particle motion and the theory of charcoal analysis: source area, transport, deposition and sampling. Quaternary Research, 30: 67-80.
• 19.Dean, W. E. & Arthur, M. A., 1987. Inorganic and organic geochemistry of Eocene and Cretaceous strata recovered from the lower continental rise, North American Basin, Site 603, DSDP Leg 93. In: J.H. Blakeslee & E. Whalen (eds), Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, 93: 1093-1137.
• 20.Deines, P., 1980. Handbook of Environmental Isotope Geochemistry, Elsevier; Amsterdam: pp. 329-406.
• 21.Dymond, J., Collier, R., McManus, J., Honjo, S. & Manganini, S., 1997. Can the aluminum and titanium contents of ocean sediments be used to determine the paleoproductivity of the ocean? Paleoceanography, 12 (4): 586-593.
• 22.Gasiński, M. A., 1988. Foraminiferal biostratigraphy of the Albian and Cenomanian sediments in Polish part of the Pieniny Klippen Belt, Carpathian Mountains. Cretaceous Research, 9: 217-247.
• 23.Gasiński, M. A., 1991. Albian and Cenomanian palaeobathymetry of the Pieniny Klippen Belt Basin (Polish Carpathians) based on Foraminifers. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Earth Sci., 39, (1): 1-10.
• 24.Griffin, J. J. & Goldberg, E. D., 1979. Morphologies and origin of elemental carbon in the environment. Science, 206: 563-565.
• 25.Hoefs, J., 1997. Stable Isotope Geochemistry. Springer Verlag, Berlin. 201 pp.
• 26.Hoffman, J. & Hower, J., 1979. Clay mineral assemblages as low grade metamorphic geothermometers: application to the thrust-faulted disturbed belt of Montana, U.S.A. In: J. Slater & J.Schluger (eds), Diagenesis. SEPMSpecial Publication, 26, pp. 55-79.
• 27.International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology 1998. ICCP System 1994 -The new vitrinite classification. Fuel, 77: 349-358.
• 28.International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology 2001. ICCP System 1994 - The new inertinite classification. Fuel, 80: 459-471.
• 29.Jacobs, L., Emerson, S. & Skei, J., 1985. Partitioning and transport of metals across the O2/H2O interface in a permanently anoxic basin: Framvaren Fjord, Norway. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 49: 1433-1444.
• 30.Jednorowska, A., 1981. Microfauna and age of the Upper Cretaceous Sromowce Formations in the type area, Pieniny Klippen Belt, Carpathians. Studia Geologica Polonica, 70: 37-50.
• 31.Jenkyns, H. C., 1980. Cretaceous anoxic events: from continents to oceans. Journal of the Geological Society, 137: 171-188.
• 32.Jones, B. & Manning, D., 1994. Comparison of geochemical indices used for the interpretation of palaeoredox conditions in ancient mudstones. Chemical Geology, 93: 111-129.
• 33.Korolev, D., 1958. The role of iron sulphides in the accumulation of molybdenum in sedimentary rocks of the reduced zone. Geochemistry International, 4: 452^63.
• 34.Książkiewicz, M., 1972. Budowa geologiczna Polski (Geology of Poland- in Polish), 4 (Tektonika-Tectonics), 3 (Karpaty - Carpathians), Wydawnictwa Geologiczne, Warszawa.
• 35.Lewan, M., 1984. Factor controlling the proportionality of vanadium to nickel in crude oils. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 48: 2231-2238.
• 36.Lewan, M. & Maynard, J., 1982. Factors controlling enrichment of vanadium and nickel in the bitumen of organic sedimentary rocks. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 46: 2547-2560.
• 37.Love, L. G. & Amstutz, G. C., 1966. Review of microscopic pyrite from the Devonian Chattanooga Shale and Rammelsberg Banderz. Fortschritte der Mineralogie, 43: 273-309.
• 38.Mangini, A. & Dominik, J., 1979. Late Quaternary sapropel on the Mediterranean ridge: U-budget and evidence for low sedimentation rates. Sedimentary Geology, 23: 113-125.
• 39.Martínez Ruiz, F., Sawlowicz, Z., Ortega-Huertas M. & Palomo, I., 1995. Significance of the iron-rich microspherules for the K/T boundary dispute. In: Montanar & Connioni (eds), The role of Impacts in the Evolution of the Atmosphere and Biosphere with Regard to Short- and Long Term Changes. Ancona 1995: 117-119
• 40.Mongenot, T., Tribovillard, N., Desprairies, A., Lallier-Verges, E. & Laggoun Defargue, F., 1996. Trace elements as palaeoenvironmental markers in strongly mature hydrocarbon source rocks: the Cretaceous La Luna Formation of Venezuela. Sedimentary Geology, 103: 23-27.
• 41.Moore, D. M. & Reynolds, R. C., 1997 .X-ray Diffraction and the Identification and Analysis of Clay Minerals. Oxford University Press. 378 pp.
• 42.Morgiel, J. & Sikora, W., 1974. Facje cenomanu w okolicy Sromowiec Niżnych, pieniński pas skałkowy (Cenomanian facies in the Pieniny Klippen Belt at Sromowce Niżne - in Polish). Geological Quarterly, 18, (2): 439-440.
• 43.Nissebaum, A. & Swaine, D., 1976. Organic matter metal interactions in recent sediments. The rock of humic substances. Geochimica et Cosmochimimica Acta, 40: 809-816.
• 44.Ndung'u, K., Thomas. M. A. & Flegal. A. R., 2001. Silver in western equatorial and South Atlantic Ocean. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 48: 2933-2945.
• 45.Premuzic, E. T., Benkovitz, C. M., Gaffney, J. S. & Walsh, J. W., 1982. The nature and distribution of organic matter in the surface sediments of world oceans and seas. Organic Geochemistry, 4: 63-77.
• 46.Quinby-Hunt, M. S. & Wilde, P., 1994. Thermodynamic zonation in the black shale facies based on iron-manganese-vanadium content. Chemical Geology, 113: 297-317.
• 47.Raiswell, R. & Berner, R. A., 1985. Pyrite formation in euxinic and semi-euxinic sediment. American Journal of Science, 285: 710-724.
• 48.Raiswell R. & Berner, R. A., 1987. Organic carbon losses during burial and thermal maturation of normal marine shales. Geology, 15: 853-856.
• 49.Robaszynski, F. & Caron, M., 1995. Foraminiferes planctoniques du Crétacé: commentiare de la zonation Europe Méditerranée. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France, 166 (6): 681-692
• 50.Robert, C. &Chamley, H., 1982. Paleoenvironmental significance of clay deposits in Atlantic black shales. In: S. O. Schlanger & M. B. Cita (eds), Origin and Nature of Cretaceous carbon-rich facies. Academic Press; London: 101-112.
• 51.Sawłowicz, Z., 2000. Framboids: from their origin to application. Prace Mineralogiczne, 88: 80 pp.
• 52.Schlanger, S. O. & Jenkyns, H. C., 1976. Cretaceous oceanic anoxic events: Causes and consequences. Geologie en Mijnbouw, 55: 179-184.
• 53.Schneider, R. R., Price, B., Müller, P. J., Kroon, D. & Alexander, I., 1997. Monsoon-related variations in Zaire (Congo) sediment load and influence of fluvial silicate supply on marine productivity in the east equatorial Atlantic during the last 200 000 years. Paleoceanography, 12: 463-481.
• 54.Sikora, W., 1971. Esquisse de la tectogenese de la zone des Klippen des Pieniny en Pologne d'apres de nouvelles données géologiques. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 41, (1): 221-237.
• 55.Stach, E., Mackowsky, M. T., Teichmüller, M., Taylor, G. H. & Chandra, D., 1982. Stach 's Textbook of Coal Petrology. Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin, Stuttgart: 535 pp.
• 56.Smith, B, N. & Epstein, S., 1971. Two categories of 13C/12C ratios for higher plants. Plant Physiology, 47: 380-384.
• 57.Stopes, M. C., 1935. On the petrology of banded bituminous coals. Fuel, 14: 4-13.
• 58.Thiede, J., Dean, W. E. & Claypool, G. E., 1982. Oxygen-deficient depositional palaeoenvironments in the Mid-Cretaceous tropical central Pacific Ocean. In: S.O. Schlanger & M. B. Cita (eds.), Nature and Origin of Cretaceous Carbon-rich Facies, Academic Press; London: 79-101.
• 59.Veto, I., Demeny, A., Hertelendi, E. & Hetenyi, M., 1997. Estimation of primary productivity in the Toarcian Tethys - A novel approach based on TOC, reduced sulphur and manganese contents. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 132: 355-371.
• 60.Warning, B. & Brumsack, H. J., 2000. Trace metal signatures of Mediterranean sapropels. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 158: 293-309.
• 61.Wedepohl, K. H., 1971. Environmental influences on the chemical composition of shales and clays. In: L. H. Ahrens, F. Press, S. K. Funcorn & H. C. Urey (eds), Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Pergamon; Oxford - New York: 305-333.
• 62.Wedepohl, K. H., 1991. The composition of the upper Earth's crust and the natural cycles of selected metals. Metals in natural raw materials. Natural sources. In: Metals and Their Compounds in the Environment, VCH. Weinheim: 3-172
• 63.Wignall, P. B. & Newton, R., 1998. Pyrite framboid diameter as a measure of oxygen deficiency in ancient mudrocks. American Journal of Sciences, 298: 537-552.
• 64.Wilkin, R. T., Barnes, H. L. & Brantley G. W., 1996. The size distribution of framboidal pyrite in modern sediments: An indicator of redox conditions. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 60, (20): 3897-3912.
• 65.Wójcik, P. & Gasiński, M. A. 2000. Cenomanian-Turonian Boundary Event (CTBE) in the Pieniny Klippen Belt (Carpathians, Poland). Slovak Geological Magazine, 6, (2-3): 229-230.
• 66.Wójcik-Tabol, P., 2006. Organic carbon accumulation events in the mid-Cretaceous rocks of the Pieniny Klippen Belt (Polish Carpathians) - a petrological and geochemical approach. Geological Quarterly (Warszawa), 50, 4: 419-437.
• 67.Żytko, K., Gucik, S., Ryłko, W., Oszczypko, N., Zając, R., Garlicka, I., Nemcok, J., Eliáš, M., Menćik, E., Dvorak, J., Stranik, Z., Rakus, M. & Matejovska, O., 1989. Geological map of the Western Carpathians and their Foreland without Quaternary formation. Scale 1:500 000. In: D. Poprawa & J. Nemćok (eds.), Geological Atlas of the Western Outer Carpathians and their Foreland. Wydawnictwa Geologiczne, Warszawa.