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This paper introduces enhancements to the synthesis of circuits that involve write-afterread (WAR) operations and use the four-phase handshake protocol. The paper demonstrates that the use of edge-triggering makes possible many useful trade-offs among speed, area and powerdelay product. Significant increases in speed are possible as a result of increased concurrency in the circuit's operation, which compensates for much of the penalty associated with the down phase of the four-phase protocol. It is also shown that concurrency can be increased by the judicious insertion of T-elements in the system's control structure. Simulation results for a 16-bit accumulator showed a speed increase of 50% and a reduction of 23% in the power-delay product. The speed of a radix-4 Booth multiplier increased by over 27% and its area and energy consumption were reduced by 5%. These results were derived using test circuits synthesized by Balsa and implemented in Synopsys using 180-nm technology.
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Rocznik
Tom
Strony
31--52
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 14 poz., wykr.
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autor
autor
- The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada, navid.toosizadeh@utoronto.ca
Bibliografia
- [1] Bardsley, A.: Implementing Balsa Handshake Circuits, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Manchester, 2000.
- [2] Bardsley, A., Edwards, D.: Compiling the Language Balsa to Delay-Insensitive Hardware, Hardware Description Languages and their Applications (CHDL), April 1997.
- [3] van Berkel, K.: Handshake Circuits: an Asynchronous Architecture for VLSI Programming, Cambridge University Press, 1993.
- [4] Bink, A., York, R.: ARM996HS: The First Licensable, Clockless 32-Bit Processor Core, IEEE Micro, 27(2), March-April 2007, 58-68.
- [5] Chu, T.: Synthesis of Self-Timed Control Circuits from Graphs: An Example, Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Computer Design (ICCD), 1986.
- [6] Edwards, D., Bardsley, A., Janin, L., Plana, L., Toms, W.: Balsa : A Tutorial Guide, Version V3.5, http://intranet.cs.man.ac.uk/apt/projects/tools/balsa/, 2006.
- [7] Greenstreet, M., Steiglitz, K.: Bubbles can make self-timed pipelines fast, The Journal of VLSI Signal Processing, 2(3), November 1990, 139-148.
- [8] Kol, R., Ginosar, R.: A doubly-latched asynchronous pipeline, Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Computer Design (ICCD), 1997.
- [9] Nanya, T., Ueno, Y., Kagotani, H., Kuwako,M., Takamura, A.: TITAC: Design of a Quasi-Delay-Insensitive Microprocessor, IEEE Design and Test of Computers, 11(2), Summer 1994, 50-63.
- [10] Necchi, L., Lavagno, L., Pandini, D., Vanzago, L.: An Ultra-low Energy Asynchronous Processor for Wireless Sensor Netwroks, Proc. of the 12th IEEE International Symposium on Asynchronous Circuits and Systems, March 2006.
- [11] Peeters, A.: Single-Rail Handshake Circuits, Ph.D. Thesis, Eindhoven University of Technology, 1996.
- [12] Plana, L., Taylor, S., Edwards, D.: Attacking Control Overhead to Improve Synthesised Asynchronous Circuit Performance, Proc. of IEEE International Conference on Computer Design (ICCD), October 2005.
- [13] Plana, L. A., Riocreux, P. A., Bainbridge, W. J., Bardsley, A., Garside, J. D., , Temple, S.: SPA - A Synthesisable Amulet Core for Smartcard Applications, Proc. of the 8th IEEE International Symposium on Asynchronous Circuits and Systems, April 2002.
- [14] Yoneda, T., Matsumoto, A., Kato, M., Myers, C.: High Level Synthesis of Timed Asynchronous Circuits, Proc. of the 11th IEEE International Symposium on Asynchronous Circuits and Systems, March 2005.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BUS8-0005-0071