Impact of airborne particulate matter on human health: an assessment framework to estimate exposure and adverse health effects in Poland

• Autorzy: Tainio M. , Kukkonen J. , Nahorski Z.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Wpływ pyłów w powietrzu atmosferycznym na zdrowie ludzkie: metodologia oceny ekspozycji i szkodliwych skutków zdrowotnych w Polsce

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollution is one of the main environmental health problems in developed countries. According to modeling estimates the PM2.5 concentrations in Poland are among the highest in Europe. In this article we focus on exposure assessment and estimation of adverse health effects due to PM2.5 air pollution. This article consists of two parts. In the first part, we discuss the main methods used to estimate emission-exposure relationships and adverse health effects due to PM2.5 air pollution. In the second part, we present an assessment framework for Poland. We illustrate this framework by estimating the premature deaths and change in life expectancy in Poland caused by anthropogenic, primary PM2.5 emissions from different European countries, and, in proportion, the premature deaths in different European countries caused by primary PMemissions from Poland. The PMemissions were evaluated using the inventory of the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP). The emission-exposure relationships were based on the previously published study and the exposure-response functions for PM2.5 air pollution were estimated in expert elicitation study performed for six European experts on air pollution health effects. Based on the assessment, the anthropogenic primary PM2.5 from the whole of Europe is estimated to cause several thousands of premature deaths in Poland, annually. These premature deaths are both due to PM2.5 emissions from Poland and transportation of PM2.5 from other European countries, both of these in almost equal parts. The framework presented in this article will be developed in the near future to a full scale integrated assessment, that takes into account both gaseous and PM air pollution.

PL

Zanieczyszczenie powietrza drobnym pyłem (PM2,5) jest jednym z głównych problemów zdrowotnych związanych ze środowiskiem. Wartości stężeń PM2,5 w Polsce znajdują się wśród największych w Europie. W tej pracy skupiono się na ocenie ekspozycji ludzi na PM2,5 oraz na oszacowaniu szkodliwych skutków tego zanieczyszczenia. Artykuł składa się z dwóch części. W pierwszej części przedstawiono podstawowe metody estymacji zależności ekspozycji od emisji i wyznaczania szkodliwych skutków spowodowanych zanieczyszczeniem powietrza drobnymi pyłami. W drugiej części przedstawiono zarys modelu zintegrowanego do oceny szkodliwości drobnych pyłów dla Polski. Jest on ilustrowany oszacowaniem liczby przedwczesnych zgonów i zmianą oczekiwanej długości życia w Polsce spowodowanymi antropogenną emisją pierwotnych drobnych pyłów w krajach europejskich oraz odwrotnie, liczbami przedwczesnych zgonów w krajach europejskich spowodowanych emisją pierwotnych drobnych pyłów w Polsce. Emisje PM2,5 oceniono na podstawie inwentaryzacji dokonanej w ramach European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme (EMEP). Zależność ekspozycji od emisji oparto na wynikach wcześniej publikowanych badań, a odpowiedź na ekspozycję na zanieczyszczenia PM2,5 oceniono na podstawie ocen zebranych od sześciu ekspertów europejskich zajmujących się zdrowotnymi skutkami zanieczyszczenia powietrza. Z przeprowadzonej oceny wynika, że antropogenna emisja pierwotnych drobnych pyłów w Europie powoduje w Polsce kilka tysięcy przedwczesnych zgonów rocznie. Są one wynikiem zarówno emisji w Polsce, jak i transportu pyłów z innych krajów europejskich, mniej więcej w równych częściach. Przedstawiona w artykule konstrukcja będzie rozwijana w celu uzyskania zintegrowanej oceny w pełnej skali, obejmującej zarówno zanieczyszczenia gazowe jak i pyły.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

fine particulate matter; PM2.5; exposure; intake fraction; integrated assessment; Poland

PL

zanieczyszczenia powietrza; pył atmosferyczny; zintegrowane oceny; PM2.5

• Wydawca: Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences
• Czasopismo: Archives of Environmental Protection
• Rocznik: 2010
• Tom: Vol. 36, no. 1
• Strony: 95--115
• Opis fizyczny: bibliogr. 81 poz., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Tainio M.

autor

Kukkonen J.

autor

Nahorski Z.

• Systems Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences ul. Newelska 6, 01-447 Warszawa, Poland,

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