Inicjujące materiały wybuchowe z grupy związków kompleksowych

• Autorzy: Cudziło S. , Nita M.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Primary explosives from a group of coordination compounds

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

For more than one hundred years, mercury fulminate (MF), lead azide (LA) and lead styphnate (LS) have been used as primary explosives (Fig. 1). They are very good initiatory explosives but they also suffer from serious drawbacks, such as: (a) extremely high sensitivity to mechanical stimuli, (b) thermal, hydrolytic, and chemical instability or lack of resistance to light, (c) incompatibility with metals commonly used in initiating devices, (d) high toxicity of the compounds themselves and their decomposition products [1, 2]. The ongoing search for new primary explosives is aimed at finding materials safer in production and use which do not contain heavy metals and exhibit better initiating performance than the multicomponent compositions being used now. The replacements of the present primaries should be more resistant to accidental stimuli (electrostatic discharge, impact, friction), but they must reliably inflame or detonate, e.g. upon exposure to flame, electrically heated wire or strike with a firing pin in stab and percussion initiators. However their thermal stability should not be too low in order to avoid unexpected explosions of ammunition exposed to heat flow from a fire. On the other hand some of the materials (detonants) must be capable of fast transition from deflagration to detonation. It is not easy to reconcile so many contradictory demands, but from the recently published papers, it appears that it may be possible [3–5]. It has been confirmed many times that some complex compounds with a general formula Mx(L)y(XO)z where M denotes a transition metal cation, L is a nitrogen rich ligand, and XO is an oxygen containing anion are effective primary explosives [3]. The cation plays structure-creating role (i.e. coordinates other molecules) providing stability of the compound and required level of safety. Usually it is also a catalyst of the first stage of decomposition which assures a rapid deflagration to detonation transition – inherent feature of primary explosives. In order to maximize the heat effect of decomposition, the oxygen balance of the compounds ought to be close to zero. Thanks to this the initiating performance of the new primaries may be higher than that of azides and flumintaes. In this work we present a review of papers devoted to synthesis, chemical composition, molecular structure and explosive properties of primary explosives from the group of coordination compounds. A lot of attention was paid especially to the explosives that have already been used in initiating devices and those with unique properties, e.g. highly sensitive to laser radiation. To systematize the review, the title compounds were divided into groups which distinguishing feature was the kind of ligand.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

inicjujące materiały wybuchowe; związki kompleksowe

EN

primary explosives; coordination compounds

• Wydawca: Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
• Czasopismo: Wiadomości Chemiczne
• Rocznik: 2010
• Tom: [Z] 64, 3-4
• Strony: 195--223
• Opis fizyczny: bibliogr. 73 poz., schem., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Cudziło S.

autor

Nita M.

• Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna, Wydział Nowych Technologii i Chemii, Instytut Chemii ul. gen. Sylwestra Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warszawa,

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