Bositra limestones - a step towards radiolarites: case study from the Tatra Mountains

• Autorzy: Jach R.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Bositra limestones of Aalenian–Lower Bathonian age crop out in the Krížna unit in the Western Tatra Mountains (Poland). They are sandwiched between pelagic red limestones and radiolarites and display lateral facies variation. Four facies were distinguished: (i) Bositra packstones/grainstones, (ii) crinoidal packstones/ grainstones, (iii) Bositra-crinoidal packstones, and (iv) Bositra-radiolarian wackestones. The Bositra packstones/ grainstones were laid down in high-energy setting, while Bositra-radiolarian wackestones in calm condition. Crinoidal packstones/grainstones represent density current deposits. Bositra-crinoidal packstones resulted from intense bioturbation and mixing of crinoidal packstones/grainstones with background Bositra-rich deposits. Topographic gradient affected the lateral facies variation. Taphonomic factors strongly controlled by energy of the sedimentary environment, ecological factors which caused domination of Bositra bivalves in benthos assemblage and dissolution eliminating non-calcitic bioclasts could resulted in formation of the Bositra limestones. The eutrophication of water column and remodelling of the Krížna Basin, which finally led to deposition of radiolarites seem to be of considerable importance. Hence, Bositra limestones can be regarded as the record of the interme- diate stage of the basin evolution towards radiolarite formation.

PL

Wapienie bositrowe wczesnego aalenu–wczesnego batonu, które odsłaniają się w jednostce kriżniańskiej w Polskich Tatrach Zachodnich znajdują się w profilach pomiędzy pelagicznymi czerwonymi wapieniami a radiolarytami (Fig. 1, 2; Lefeld et al., 1985; Gradziński et al., 2004). Wapienie te wykazują wyraźne facjalne zróżnicowanie. Wydzielone zostały następujące facje: (i) bositrowe pakstony/greinstony, (ii) krynoidowe pakstony/greinstony, (iii) bositrowo-krynoidowe pakstony i (iv) bositrowo-ra diolariowe wakstony (Fig. 2, 3). Bositrowe pakstony/greinstony powstały w środowisku o stosunkowo wysokiej energii, a bositrowo- radiolariowe wakstony w warunkach niskiej energii. Krynoidowe pakstony/greinstony są interpretowane jako osady prądów gęstościowych, a bositrowo-krynoidowe pakstony jako osady prądów gęstościowych zbioturbowane i zmiksowane z osadami tła depozycyjnego. Zróżnicowana morfologia basenu wpłynęła na oboczną zmienność facjalną omawianych wapieni i przestrzenny rozkład facji (Fig. 4). Powstanie wapieni bositrowych było warunkowane przez czynniki natury tafonomicznej, związane z energią środowiska sedymentacji, natury ekologicznej decydujące o dominacji bositr w zespole bentosu i procesy rozpuszczania eliminujące nie kalcytowe bioklasty. Postępująca eutrofizacja wód (Bartolini & Cecca, 1999; Cobianchi & Picotti, 2001) i przemodelowanie basenu kriżniańskiego związane z procesami ryftingu Zachodniej Tetydy, które ostatecznie doprowadziły do depozycji radiolarytów, wydają się mieć zasadniczy wpływ na powstanie wapieni bositrowych. Tak więc, wapienie bositrowe reprezentują przejściową fację poprzedzającą w czasie powstanie tetydzkich jurajskich radiolarytów.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

thin-shelled bivalves; Middle Jurassic; Krížna Basin; Carpathians; Western Tethys

• Wydawca: Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
• Czasopismo: Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
• Rocznik: 2007
• Tom: Vol. 77, No 2
• Strony: 161--170
• Opis fizyczny: bibliogr. 53 poz., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Jach R.

• Institute of Geological Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Oleandry 2a, 30-063 Kraków, Poland,

Bibliografia

• Bac-Moszaszwili, M., Burchart, J., Głazek, J., Iwanow, A., Jaro-szewski, W., Kotański, Z., Lefeld, J., Mastella, L., Ozim-kowski, W., Roniewicz, P., Skupiński, A. & Westwalewicz-Mogilska, E., 1979. Mapa geologiczna Tatr Polskich 1:30000. (In Polish). Wydawnictwa Geologiczne, Warszawa.
• Bartolini, A., Baumgartner, P. O. & Hunziker, J. C., 1996. Middle and Late Jurassic carbon stable - isotope stratigraphy and radiolorite sedimentation of the Umbria-Marche Basin (Central Italy). Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, 89: 831-879.
• Bartolini, A. & Cecca, F., 1999. 20 My hiatus in the Jurassic of Umbria-Marche Apennines (Italy): carbonate crisis due to eutrophication. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciencies Paris, Science de la Terre et des Planetes, 329: 587-595.
• Baumgartner, P. O., 1987. Age and genesis of Tethyan Jurassic radiolarites. Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, 80: 831-879.
• Bąk, M., 2001. Promienice z kompleksu radiolarytów środkowej i górnej jury jednostki reglowej dolnej Tatr - ich znaczenie biostratygraficzne. (In Polish). In: Trzecie Ogólnopolskie Warsztaty Mikropaleontologiczne, Zakopane, 31.05-2.06. 2001, Akademia Pedagogiczna w Krakowie, pp. 50-53.
• Bernoulli, D. & Jenkyns, H. C., 1974. Alpine, Mediterranean and Central Atlantic Mesozoic facies in relation to the early evolution of the Tethys. In: Dott, R. H. & Sharer, R. H. (eds), Modern and Ancient Geosynclinal Sedimentation. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publcation, 19: 129-160.
• Blyth Cain, J. D., 1968. Aspects of the depositional environment and palaeoecology of the crinoidal limestones. Scottish Journal of Geology, 4: 191-208.
• Böhm, F., 1986. Der Grimming: Geschichte einer Karbonat- platform von der Obertrias bis zum Dogger (Nördliche Kalkalpen, Steiermark). Facies, 15: 195-232.
• Bosellini, A. & Winterer, E. L., 1975. Pelagic limestones and radiolarites of the Tethyan Mesozoic: A genetic model. Geology, 3: 279-282.
• Bujnovský, A. & Polák, M., 1979. Korelácia mezozoických lito-stratigrafických jednotiek Malej Fatry, Vel'kej Fatry a ćasti Nízkých Tatier. (In Slovak). Geologicke Práce, Správy, 72: 77-96.
• Clapham, M. E., Smith, P. L. & Tipper, H. W., 2002. Lower to Middle Jurassic stratigraphy, ammonoid fauna and sedimentary history of the Laberge Group in the Fish Lake syncline, northern Whitehorse Trough, Jukon, Canada. In: Emond, D. S., Weston, L. H. & Lewis, L. L. (eds), Yukon Exploration and Geology 2001. Exploration and Geological Services Division, Yukon region, Indian and Northern Affairs Canada, pp. 73-85.
• Clari, P. A. & Martire, L., 1996. Interplay of cementation, mechanical compaction, and chemical compaction in limestones of Rosso Ammonitico Veronese (Middle-Upper Jurassic, northeastern Italy). Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 66: 447-458.
• Cobianchi, M. & Picotti, V., 2001. Sedimentary and biological response to sea-level and palaeoceanographic changes of a Lower-Middle Jurassic Tethyan platform margin (Southern Alps, Italy). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatoogy, Palaeoecology, 169: 219-244.
• Conti, M. A. & Monari, S., 1992. Thin-shelled bivalves from the Jurassic Rosso Ammonitico and Calcaria Posidonia Formations of the Umbrian-Marchean Apennine (Central Italy). Paleopelagos, 2: 193-213.
• Etter, W., 1996. Pseudoplanktonic and benthic invertebrates in the Middle Jurassic Opalinum Clay, northern Switzerland. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 126: 325-341.
• Fürsich, F. T. & Oschmann, W., 1993. Shell beds as tool in basin analysis: the Jurassic of Kachchh, western India. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 150: 169-185.
• Galuzzo, F. & Santantonio, M., 2002. The Sabina Plateau: a new element in Mesozoic palaeogeography of Central Apennines. Bolletino della Societd Geologica Italiana, Volume Speciale, 1: 561-588.
• Gąsiorowski, S. M., 1959. On the age of radiolarites in the Subtatric Series in the Tatra Mts. Acta Geologica Polonica, 9: 221-230.
• Gradziński, M., Tyszka, J., Uchman, A. & Jach, R., 2004. Large microbial-foraminiferal oncoids from condensed Lower-Middle Jurassic deposits: A case study from the Tatra Mountains, Poland. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 213: 133-151.
• Hallam, A., 2001. A review of the broad pattern of Jurassic sea-level changes and their possible causes in the light of current knowledge. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 167: 23-37.
• Jach, R., 2002. Lower Jurassic spiculite series from the Križna Unit in the Western Tatra Mts, Western Carpathians, Poland. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 72: 131-144.
• Jach, R., 2003. Rozwój facjalny utworów przełomu jury dolnej i środkowej w jednostce kriżniańskiej Tatr Zachodnich. (In Polish). Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Institute of Geological Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland, 121 ms. pp.
• Jach, R., 2005. Storm-dominated deposition of the Lower Jurassic crinoidal limestone in the Krížna Unit, Western Tatra Mountains, Poland. Facies, 50: 561-572.
• Jach, R. & Dudek, T., 2005. Origin of a Toarcian manganese carbonate/silicate deposits from the Krížna Unit, Tatra Mountains, Poland. Chemical Geology, 224: 136-152.
• Jach, R. & Myczyński, R., 2006. Nektonic fauna from the Toarcian-Aalenian red deposits of the Krížna unit in the Western Tatra Mountains, Poland. Scripta Facultatis Scientarum Naturalium Universitatis Masarykiana, Brunensis, 33-34 [for 2003-2004]: 38-40.
• Jefferies, R. P. S. & Minton, P., 1965. The mode of life of two Jurassic species of 'Posidonia' (bivalvia). Palaeontology, 8: 156-185.
• Kauffmann, E. G., 1976. Deep-sea Cretaceous macrofossils: Hole 317A, Manihiki plateau. Initial Report of the Deep Sea DrillingProject, 33: 503-535.
• Kiessling, W., 1996. Facies characterization of Mid-Mesozoic deep-water sediments by quantitative analysis of the siliceous microfaunas. Facies, 35: 237-274.
• Kozur, H. & Mock, R., 1996. New paleogeographic and tectonic interpretation in the Slovakian Carpathians and their implications for correlations with the Eastern Alps. Part I: Central Western Carpathians. Mineralia Slovaca, 28: 151-174.
• Kuhry, B., 1975. Observations on filaments from the Subbetic of SE Spain. Revista Espańola de Micropaleontología, 7: 231-243.
• Lefeld, J., 1974. Middle-Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous biostratigraphy and sedimentology ofthe Sub-Tatric Succession in the Tatra Mts. (Western Carpathians). Acta Geologica Polonica, 24: 277-364.
• Lefeld, J., Gaździcki, A., Iwanow, A., Krajewski, K. & Wójcik, K., 1985. Jurassic and Cretaceous litostratigraphic units in the Tatra Mts. Studia Geologica Polonica, 84: 7-93.
• Łuczyński, P., 2002. Depositional evolution of the Middle Jurassic carbonate sediments in the High-Tatric succession, Tatra Mountains, Western Carpathians, Poland. Acta Geologica Polonica, 52: 365-378.
• Martire, L., 1992. Sequence stratigraphy and condensed pelagic sediments, an example from the Rosso Ammonitico Veronese, northeastern Italy. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 94: 169-191.
• Martire, L., 1996. Stratigraphy, facies and synsedimentary tectonics in the Jurassic Rosso Ammonitico Veronese (Altopiano di Asiago, NE Italy). Facies, 35: 209-236.
• Monaco, P. & Morettini, E., 1997. Marllimestone rhythmites and event beds in the Toarcian-Aalenian "Calcari e marne a Posidonia" unit of Fiuminata (Pioraco, central Apennines). Bolletino del Servizio Geologica d'Italia, 116: 31-52.
• Myczyński, R. & Lefeld, J., 2003. Toarcian ammonites (Adneth facies) from the Subtatric Succession ofthe Tatra Mts (Western Carpathians). Studia Geologica Polonica, 121: 7-50.
• Oschmann, W., 1993. Environmental oxygen fluctuation and the adaptive response of marine benthic organisms. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 150: 187-191.
• Plašienka, D., 1999. Tektonochronológia apaleotektonický model jursko-kriedového vývoja Centrálnych Západných Karpát. (In Slovak). Veda, Vydavatelstvo Slovenskej Akadémie Vied, Bratislava, 125 pp.
• Polák, M., Ondrejićkova, A. & Wieczorek, J., 1998. Lithostratigraphy of the Ždiar Formation of the Krížna nappe. Slovak Geological Magazine, 4: 35-52.
• Rey, J., 1998. Extensional Jurassic tectonism of an eastern Subbetic section (southern Spain). Geological Magazine, 135: 685-697.
• Röhl, H.-J., Schmid-Röhl, A., Oschmann, W., Firmmel, A. & Schwark, L., 2001. The Posidonia Shale (Lower Toarcian) of SW-Germany: an oxygen-depleted ecosystem controlled by sea level and palaeoclimate. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 165: 27-52.
• Santantonio, M., 1993. Facies associations and evolution of pelagic carbonate platform/basin systems: examples from the Italian Jurassic. Sedimentology, 40: 1039-1067.
• Santantonio, M., Galluzzo, F. & Gill, G., 1996. Anatomy and palaeobathymetry of a Jurassic pelagic carbonate platform/ basin system. Rossa Mts, Central Apennines (Italy). Geological implications. Palaeopelagos, 6: 123-169.
• Soták, J. & Plašienka, D., 1996. Upper Triassic-Lower Jurassic sediments ofthe Lućatin Unit in the Northern Veporicum: facial diversity andtectonic stacking. Slovak Geological Magazine, 96: 273-277.
• Sturani, C., 1971. Ammonites and Stratigraphy of the "Posidonia Alpina" Beds of the Venetian Alps (Middle Jurassic, mainly Bajocian). Memorie degli Instituto di Geologia e Mineralogia de W Unwersitd di Padova, 28: 1-190.
• Tsuji, Y., 1993. Tide influenced high energy environments and rhodolith-associated carbonate deposition on the outer shelf and slope off Miyako Islands, southern Ryukyu Island Arc, Japan. Marine Geology, 113: 255-271.
• Uchman, A. & Myczyński, R., 2006. Stop B3.14 - Lejowa Valley: eastern of the Polana Huty Lejowe Alp - Upper Sinemurian-Lower Pliensbachian spotted limestones. In: Wierzbowski, A., Aubrecht, R., Golonka, J., Gutowski, J., Krobicki, M., Matyja, B. A., Pieńkowski, G. & Uchman, A. (eds), Jurassic of Poland and Adjacent Slovakian Carpathians, Filed Trip Guidebook of7th International Congress on the Jurassic System, Poland, Kraków, September, 6-18, 2006. Polish Geological Institute, Warsaw, pp. 114-116.
• Wieczorek, J., 1988. Maiolica - a unique Facies of the Western Tethys. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 58: 255-276.
• Wignall, P. B., 1993. Distinguishing between oxygen and substrate control in fossil benthic assemblages. Journal of the Geological Society, London, 150: 193-196.
• Winterer, E. L., 1991. The Tethyan Pacific during Late Jurassic and Cretaceous times. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 87: 253-265.
• Winterer, E. L. & Bosellini, A., 1981. Subsidence and sedimentation on Jurassic passive continental margin, Southern Alps, Italy. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 65: 394-421.
• Winterer, E. L., Metzler, C. V. & Sarti, M., 1991. Neptunian dykes and associated breccias (Southern Alps, Italy and Switzerland): role of gravity sliding in open and closed system. Sedimentology, 38: 381-404.