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A surface geochemical survey was carried out in an abandoned ozokerite mine in Starunia, where remnants of a mammoth and three woolly rhinoceroses and one almost completely preserved rhinoceros carcass were found in 1907 and 1929. In total, 689 measurement sites were defined within the selected 300×350 m rectangle (ca. 10.5 ha). The analysed soil gases vary in their molecular and isotopic compositions. Several zones with anomalous methane concentrations over 10 vol% were identified in the study area. These anomalous concentrations correlate well with total C2-C5 alkane anomalies (over 1 vol%). The zones with carbon dioxide concentrations over 15 vol% are generally shifted SW of those, where the methane and the sum of C2-C5 alkanes anomalies were identified. High helium concentrations of crustal origin (over 0.001 vol%) are clustered near fault zones. In a majority of cases methane is of thermogenic origin, migrating to the near-surface zone from deep-seated accumulations. Microbial methane, or methane with a high microbial component, is genetically related to recent swamps. The high variability of concentrations of gaseous components together with the highly variable isotopic composition of individual gases in the soil, indicate their thermogenic and/or microbial origin, and point to the lithological diversity of Quaternary sediments in the study area. Several zones with thermogenic gaseous hydrocarbons and helium were delineated. It is likely that during the Pleistocene winters, under a thick ice and snow cover, the tundra lake and swamp zones around outflows of brines, oil, helium and thermogenic gases had a higher temperature, which resulted in melting and cracking of the ice cover. These sites would be more prospective for future search of well-preserved large vertebrates.
Wydawca
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
375--390
Opis fizyczny
bibliogr. 33 poz., rys., wykr.
Twórcy
autor
autor
autor
- Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland, sechman@agh.edu.pl
Bibliografia
- Adamenko, O. M., Stelmach, O. R., Zinchuk, M. S. & Kotarba, M. J., 2005. History of petroleum exploration in the Starunia area, fore-Carpathian region, Ukraine. In: Kotarba, M. J. (ed.), Polish and Ukrainian geological studies (2004-2005) at Starunia - the area of discoveries of woolly rhinoceroses. Polish Geological Institute and Society of Research on Environmental Changes "Geosphere", Warszawa-Kraków: 53- 61.
- Alexandrowicz, S. W., 2004. Starunia and the Quaternary research in the tradition and initiatives of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences. (In Polish, English summary). Studia i materiały do dziejów Polskiej Akademii Umiejętności. Polska Akademia Umiejętności, Kraków, 3, 261 pp.
- Alexandrowicz, S. W., 2005. The history of Starunia - a palaeontologic site and old ozokeritemine. In: Kotarba, M. J. (ed.), Polish and Ukrainian geological studies (2004-2005) at Starunia - the area of discoveries of woolly rhinoceroses. Polish Geological Institute and Society of Research on Environmental Changes "Geosphere", Warszawa-Kraków: 21-38.
- Berner, U. & Faber, E., 1996. Empirical carbon isotope/maturity relation ships for gases from algalkerogens and terrigenous organic matter, based ondry, open-system pyrolysis. Organic Geochemistry, 24: 947-955.
- Curtis, J. B., Kotarba, M. J., Lewan, M. D. & Więcław, D., 2004. Oil/source rock correlations in the Polish Flysch Carpathians and Mesozoic basement and organic facies of the Oligocene Menilite Shales: insights from hydrous pyrolysis experiments. Organic Geochemistry, 35: 1573-1596.
- Duliński, M., Różański, K. & Kotarba, M. J., 2005. Isotopic and chemical composition of surface and groundwaters in the Starunia area, fore-Carpathian region, Ukraine. In: Kotarba, M. J. (ed.), Polish and Ukrainian geological studies (2004- 2005) at Starunia - the area of discoveries of woolly rhinoceroses. Polish Geological Institute and Society of Research on Environmental Changes "Geosphere", Warszawa- Kraków: 187-194.
- Dzieniewicz, M. & Sechman, H., 2001. Kowadło sondy udarowej do badania gruntu. Wzór użytkowy RP nr 58584. (In Polish). Wiadomości Urzędu Patentowego, 05/2001.
- Dzieniewicz, M. & Sechman, H., 2002. Zestaw do ręcznego pobierania próbek gazowych z warstw przypowierzchniowych. Patent RP nr 184080. (In Polish). Wiadomości Urzędu Patentowego, 08/2002.
- Dzieniewicz, M., Sechman, H. & Mościcki, W. J., 2005. Preliminary near-surface geochemical survey and shallow temperature measure ments along the selected line in Starunia, fore-Carpathian region, Ukraine. In: Kotarba, M. J. (ed.), Polish and Ukrainian geological studies (2004-2005) at Starunia - the area of discoveries of woolly rhinoceroses. Polish Geological Institute and Society of Research on Environmental Changes "Geosphere", Warszawa-Kraków: 147-155.
- Gutsalo, L. K. & Plotnikov, A. M., 1981. Carbon isotopic composition in the CH4-CO2 system as a criterion for the origin of methane and carbon dioxide in Earth natural gases (In Russian, English summary). Doklady Akademyi Nauk SSSR, 259: 470-473.
- Koltun, Y. V., Adamenko, O. M., Kotarba, M. J., Dudok, I. V., Pavluk, M. I., Burzewski, W. & Stelmakh, O. R., 2005. Geological setting and petroleum occurrence of the Starunia area, fore-Carpathian region, Ukraine. In: Kotarba, M. J. (ed.), Polish and Ukrainian geological studies (2004-2005) at Starunia - the area of discoveries of woolly rhinoceroses. Polish Geological Institute and Society of Research on Environmental Changes "Geosphere", Warszawa-Kraków: 61-78.
- Korin, S. S., 2005. Miocene salt-bearing Vorotyshcha Beds in the Starunia area, fore-Carpathian region, Ukraine. In: Kotarba, M. J. (ed.), Polish and Ukrainian geological studies (2004- 2005) at Starunia - the area of discoveries of woolly rhinoceroses. Polish Geological Institute and Society of Research on Environmental Changes "Geosphere", Warszawa- Kraków: 79-86.
- Kotarba, M., 1988. Geochemical criteria for origin of natural gases accumulated in the Upper Carboniferous coal-seam-bearing formations in Walbrzych Coal Basin. (In Polish, English summary). Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Górniczo-Hutniczej, 1199, Geologia, 42: 1-119.
- Kotarba, M. J. (ed.), 2005. Polish and Ukrainian geological studies (2004-2005) at Starunia - the area of discoveries of woolly rhinoceroses. Polish Geological Institute and Society of Research on Environmental Changes "Geosphere", Warszawa- Kraków, 218 pp.
- Kotarba, M. J., 2009. Interdisciplinary studies at Starunia palaeontological site and vicinity (Carpathian region, Ukraine) in the years 2006-2009: previous discoveries and research, purposes, results and perspectives. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 79: 219-241.
- Kotarba, M. J., Dzieniewicz, M. & Sechman, H., 2005a. Geochemical survey, molecular and isotopic compositions, and genetic identification of near-surface gases from the Starunia area, fore-Carpathian region, Ukraine. In: Kotarba, M. J. (ed.), Polish and Ukrainian geological studies (2004-2005) at Starunia - the area of discoveries of woolly rhinoceroses. Polish Geological Institute and Society of Research on Environmental Changes "Geosphere", Warszawa-Kraków: 157- 174.
- Kotarba, M. J., Więcław, D., Koltun, Y. V., Lewan, M. D., Marynowski, L. & Dudok, I. V., 2005b. Organic geochemical study and genetic correlations between source rocks and hydrocarbons from surface seeps and deep accumulations in the Starunia area, fore-Carpathian region, Ukraine. In: Kotarba, M. J. (ed.), Polish and Ukrainian geological studies (2004- 2005) at Starunia - the area of discoveries of woolly rhinoceroses. Polish Geological Institute and Society of Research on Environmental Changes "Geosphere", Warszawa-Kraków: 125-146.
- Kotarba, M. J. & Koltun, Y. V., 2006. The origin and habitat of hydrocarbons of the Polish and Ukrainian parts of the Carpathian Province. In: Golonka, J. & Picha, F. J. (eds), The Carpathians and their foreland: Geology and hydrocarbon resources. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 84: 395-442.
- Kotarba, M. J. & Nagao, K., 2008. Composition and origin of natural gases accumulated in the Polish and Ukrainian parts of the Carpathian region: Gaseous hydrocarbons, no blegases, carbon dioxide and nitrogen. Chemical Geology, 255: 426- 438.
- Kotarba, M. J., Alexandrowicz, S. W. & Stachowicz-Rybka, R., 2008a. Historia i program dalszych badań geologicznych na obszarze byłej kopalni ozokerytu i stanowiska paleontologicznego w Staruni. (In Polish). Przegląd Geologiczny, 56, 6: 34-441.
- Kotarba, M. J., Dzieniewicz, M., Mościcki, W. J. & Sechman, H., 2008b. Unique Quaternary environment for discoveries of woolly rhinoceroses in Starunia, fore-Carpathian re gion, Ukraine: Geochemical and geoelectric studies. Geology, 36: 567-570.
- Kotarba, M. J. & Stachowicz-Rybka, R., 2008. Wyjątkowe stanowisko paleontologiczne i środowisko osadów plejstoceńskich, w których znaleziono nosorożce włochate w Staruni (Karpaty Wschodnie). (In Polish). Przegląd Geologiczny, 56: 442-452.
- Kotarba, M. J., Więcław, D., Toboła, T., Zych, H., Kowalski, A. & Ptak, S., 2009. Bitumen and salt contents within the Quaternary sediments at Starunia palaeontological site and vicinity (Carpathian region, Ukraine). Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 79: 447-461.
- Philp, R. P., 1987. Surface Prospecting Meth ods for Hydrocarbon Accumulations. In: Brooks, J. & Welte, D. (eds), Advances in Petroleum Geochemistry, 2, Academic Press, Lon don: 209-250.
- Sechman, H., Dzieniewicz, M., 2007. Influence of soil moisture on the results of surface geochemical survey applied to petroleum exploration. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 56: 267-282.
- Sokolov, W. A. & Grigoriev, G. G., 1962. Mietodika i rezultaty gazowykh gieokhimiczeskikh nieftiegazopoiskowykh rabot. (In Russian). Gostoptiekhizdat, Moskva, 403 pp.
- Sokołowski, T. & Stachowicz-Rybka, R., 2009. Chronostratigraphy and changes of environment of Late Pleistocene and Holocene at Starunia palaeontological site and vicinity (Carpathian region, Ukraine). Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 79: 315-331.
- Sokołowski, T., Stachowicz-Rybka, R. & Woronko, B., 2009. Upper Pleistocene and Holocene deposits at Starunia palaeontological site and vicinity (Carpathian region, Ukraine). Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 79: 255-278.
- Stachowicz-Rybka, R., Granoszewski, W. & Hrynowiecka- Czmielewska, A., 2009. Quaternary environmental changes at Starunia palaeontological site and vicinity (Carpathian region, Ukraine) based on palaeobotanical studies. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 79: 279-288.
- Tedesco, S. A. (ed.), 1995. Surface Geochemistry in Petroleum Exploration. Chapman & Hall Int. Thomson Publ. Co., New York, 206 pp.
- Whiticar, M. J., 1994. Correlation of natural gases with their In: Magoon, L. B. & Dow, W. G. (eds), The petroleum system - from source to trap. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 60: 261-283.
- Woltemate, I., Whiticar, M. J. & Schoell, M., 1984. Carbon and hydrogen isotopic composition of bacterial methane in a shallow freshwater lake. Limnologic Oceanography, 29: 985- 992.
- Zhang, Y. G. & Chen, H. J., 1985. Concepts on the generation and accumulation of biogenic gas. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 8: 405-422.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BUS7-0001-0012