Chronostratigraphy and changes of environment of Late Pleistocene and Holocene at Starunia palaeontological site and vicinity (Carpathian region, Ukraine)

• Autorzy: Sokołowski T. , Stachowicz-Rybka R.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

This paper presents the results of absolute dating and biostratigraphical analysis carried out for alluvial sediments of an abandoned Starunia ozokerite mine located in the Velyky Lukavets River valley, in which large mammal remains were discovered in the first half of the 20th century. The sediments build up three terrace levels. The highest one, up to 8 m high (terrace II), is likely to be associated with a stage of aggradation, as well as with a short episode of valley broadening, which occurred in the Weichselian Late Pleniglacial. The lower one, 4 m high (terrace I), is most likely to be linked with the Holocene, despite a considerable transformation of its top due to mining activity. The lower part of this terrace cover bears coarse-grained channel sediments dated to 120.6-58.9 ka BP (Eemian Interglacial?-Early Pleniglacial - OIS 5e, 4 and 3), and overbank (distal floodplain) mud with intercalations of biogenic deposits (peat, peat mud and biogenic mud). The overbank deposits are dated to 48.2-11.11 ka BP (Glinde Interstadial?-Younger Dryas, OIS 3-2) and are overlain by Holocene (OIS 1) mud and biogenic deposits. In boreholes drilled in the vicinity of the present-day river channel, younger sediments occur more frequently. These include sediments originating from the Late Weichselian overlain by Holocene sediments. However, sediments originating exclusively from the Holocene are infrequent. The deposition of sediments took place in specific conditions of a permanent saturation of the environment with brine, petroleum and thickened bitumen. In the longest period of deposition (48.2-1.27 ka BP), ephemeral swamps, ponds and lakes were developed in different parts of the floodplain. They were marked by the presence of: Juncus glaucus/effusus, J. articulatus, Typha sp., Batrachium sp., Potamogeton filliformis, Bidens tripartita, Ranunculus sceleratus and Phragmites communis, as well as by halophytic species, like: Zannichellia palustris, Triglochin maritimum, Schoenoplectus tabernemontani, Puccinelia distans and Eleocharis palustris. Rhythmic oscillations between cold and warm climatic conditions, typical of the Weichselian age and well identified in Western Europe, are here marked by the changes of plant communities (woody assemblages passing into steppe and tundra), but are not noticeably recorded in the sediments of the Velyky Lukavets River. This shows that the greatest part of the discussed period involved the formation of poorly differentiated silty overbank sediments with intercalations of biogenic sediments. However, the variability of sediments provides evidence for extreme events which occurred in the Holocene.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Late Pleistocene; Holocene; fluvial deposits; environment; Starunia; Carpathian region; Ukraine

• Wydawca: Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
• Czasopismo: Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
• Rocznik: 2009
• Tom: Vol. 79, No 3
• Strony: 315--331
• Opis fizyczny: bibliogr. 78 poz., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Sokołowski T.

autor

Stachowicz-Rybka R.

• Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland,

Bibliografia

• Aalbersberg, G. & Litt, T., 1998. Multiproxy climate reconstructions for the Eemian and Early Weichselian. Journal of Quaternary Science, 13: 367-390.
• Alexandrowicz, S. W., 2004. Starunia and the Quaternary research in the tradition and initiatives of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences. (In Polish, English summary). Studia i materia ły do dziejów Polskiej Akademii Umiejętności, 3: 261 pp.
• Alexandrowicz, S. W., Alexandrowicz, W. P. & Krąpiec, M., 2005. Holocene terrace of the Velyky Lukavets River in Starunia: sediments and dendrochronology. In: Kotarba, M. J. (ed.), Polish and Ukrainian geological studies (2004-2005) at Starunia - the area of discoveries of woolly rhinoceroses. Polish Geological Institute and Society of Research on Environmental Changes "Geosphere", Warszawa-Kraków: 95- 101.
• Bayger, J. A., Hoyer, H., Kiernik, E., Kulczyński, W., Łomnicki, M., Łomnicki, J., Mierzejewski, W., Niezabitowski, E., Raciborski, M., Szafer, W. & Schille, F., 1914. Wykopaliska Staruńskie. Muzeum im. Dzieduszyckich we Lwowie, 15: 386 pp.
• Behre, K.-E., 1989. Biostratigraphy of the Last Glacial Period in Europe. Quaternary Science Reviews, 8: 25-44.
• Behre, K.-E. & van der Plicht, J., 1992. Towards an absolute chronology for the last glacial period in Europe: radiocarbon dates from Oerel, northern Germany. Vegetation History and Archaebotany, 1: 111-117.
• Boguckyj, A. & Łanczont, M., 2002. Loess stratigraphy in the Halyè Prydnistrov'ja region. (In Polish, English summary). Studia Geologica Polonica, 119: 366-373.
• Bos, J. A. A., Bohncke, S. J. P., Kasse, C. & Vandenberghe, J., 2001. Vegetation and climate during the Weichselian Early Glacial and Pleniglacial in the Niederlausitz, eastern Germany - macrofossil and pollen evidence. Journal of Quaternary Science, 16: 269-289.
• Brinkkemper, O., van Geel, B. & Wiegers, J., 1987. Palaeo ecological study of a Middle-Pleniglacial de posit from Tilligte, The Netherlands. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, 51: 235-269.
• Dansgaard, W., Johnsen, S. J., Clausen, H. B., Dahljensen, D., Gundestrup, N. S., Hammer, C. U., Hvidberg, C. S., Steffensen, J. P., Sveinbjörnstottir, A. E., Jouzel, J. & Bond, G., 1993. Evidence for general instability of past climate from a 250-kyrice-corerecord. Nature, 364: 218-220.
• Gerenchuk, K. I., Demediuk, M. & Zdeniuk, M. W., 1972. Okskoe materikovoe oledenienije na zapade Ukrainy i yevo krajevye formy. (In Russian). In: Krajevye obrazovanija materikowykh oledenienii. Izdatel'stvo Nauka, Moskva: 238-245.
• Gębica, P., 2004. The course of fluvial accumulation during the Upper Vistulian in Sandomierz Basin. (In Polish, English summary). Geographical Studies, 193: 5-229.
• Gofshtein, I. D., 1962. Neotektonika i morfogenez verkhnego Pridnistrov'ya. (In Russian). Izdatel'stvo AN URSR, Kiev, 131 pp.
• Goslar, T., Ar nold, M., Bard, E., Kuc, T., Pazdur, M. F., Ralska- Jasiewiczowa, M., Różański, K., Tisnerat, N., Walanus, A., Wicik, B. & Więckowski, K., 1995. High concentration of atmospheric 14C during the Younger Dryas. Nature, 377: 414- 417.
• Granoszewski, W., 2002. Macroscopic plant remains associated with the excavations of mam moth and woolly rhinoceros at Starunia (Ukraine) in 1907 and 1929. Wiadomości Botaniczne, 46, 3/4: 29-34.
• Huijzer, B. & Vandenberghe, J., 1998. Climatic reconstruction of the Weichselian Pleniglacial in north western and central Europe. Journal of Quaternary Science, 13: 391-417.
• Kahlke, R.-D. & Lacombat, F., 2008. The earliest im migration of woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta tologoijensis, Rhinoceratidae, Mammalia) into Europe and its adaptive evolution in Palaearctic cold stage mammal faunas. Quaternary Science Reviews, 27: 1951-1961.
• Karlen, W., 1991. Glacier fluctuations in Scandinavia during the last 9000 years. In: Starkel, L., Gregory, K. J. & Thornes, J. B. (eds), Temperate Palaeohydrology. John Wiley, Chichester: 395-412.
• Kolstrup, E., 1979. Herbs as July temperature indicators for parts of the Pleniglacial and the Late-glacial in the Netherlands. Geologieen Mijnbouw, 59: 377-380.
• Koltun, Y. V., Dudok, I. V., Kotarba, M. J., Adamenko, O. M., Pavluk, M. I., Burzewski, W. & Stelmakh, O. R., 2005. Geological setting and petroleum occurrence of the Starunia area,
• fore-Carpathian region, Ukraine. In: Kotarba, M. J. (ed.), Polish and Ukrainian geological studies (2004-2005) at Starunia - the area of discoveries of woolly rhinoceroses. Polish Geological Institute and Society of Research on Environmental Changes "Geosphere", Warszawa-Kraków: 61-77.
• Komar, M., 2002. Pollen analysis of the Upper Pleistocene loesses and paleosols in the Yezupil and Halyèsites. Studia Geologia Polonica, 119: 357-359.
• Komar, M., Łanczont, M. & Madeyska, T., 2009. Spatial patterns based on palynological records in the loess area between the Dnieper and Odra Rivers during the last interglacial-glacial cycle. Quaternary International, 198: 152-172.
• Korin, S. S., 2005. Miocene salt-bearing Vorotyshcha beds in the Starunia area, fore-Carpathian region, Ukraine. In: Kotarba, M. J. (ed.), Polish and Ukrainian geological studies (2004- 2005) at Starunia - the area of discoveries of woolly rhinoceroses. Polish Geological Institute and Society of Research on Environmental Changes "Geosphere", Warszawa- Kraków: 79-86.
• Kotarba, M. J., 2009. Interdisciplinary studies at Starunia palaeontological site and vicinity (Carpathian region, Ukraine) in the years 2006-2009: previous discoveries and research, purposes, results and perspectives. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 79: 219-241.
• Kotarba, M. J., Więcław, D., Toboła, T., Zych, H., Kowalski, A. & Ptak, S., 2009a. Bitumen and salt contents within the Quaternary sediments at Starunia palaeontological site and vicinity (Carpathian region, Ukraine). Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 79: 447-461.
• Kotarba, M. J., Fabiańska, M., Więcław, D., Kowalski, A. & Zych, H., 2009b. Biological markers and stable carbon isotope studies of bitumens im pregnating Quaternary sediments at Starunia palaeontological site and vicinity (Carpathian region, Ukraine). Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 79: 463-480
• Kozłowski, S., Goliński, P., Zielewicz, W., Lembicz, M. & Rogowski, A., 2004. Changes in the chemical composition of spreading meadow-grass (Puccinellia distans L. Parl.) against the in fluence of salinity as anthropogenical factor. (In Polish, English summary). Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie- Skłodowska, sec. E, 59, 4: 1965-1976.
• Kravchuk, Y. S., 1999. Geomorfologiya Peredkarpattya. (In Ukrainian). Vydavatel'stvo Merkator, Lviv, 188 pp.
• Krzyszkowski, D., 1990. Middle and Late Weichselian stratigraphy and palaeo environments in central Poland. Boreas, 19: 333-350.
• Kubiak, H., 1971. Datowanie radiowęglem 14C szczątków nosorożca włochatego ze Staruni. (In Polish). Wszechświat, 10: 267-268.
• Kuc, T., Różański, K., Goslar, T., Kubiak, H. & Kotarba, M. J., 2005. Radiocarbon dating of remnants of woolly rhinoceroses and mammoth from Starunia, fore-Carpathian region, Ukraine. In: Kotarba, M. J. (ed.), Polish and Ukrainian geological studies (2004-2005) at Starunia - the area of discoveries of woolly rhinoceroses. Polish Geological Institute and Society of Research on Environmental Changes "Geosphere", Warszawa-Kraków: 195-203.
• Kuc, T., Różański, K., Goslar, T. & Stachowicz-Rybka, R., 2009. Radiocarbon dating of plant remnants in Quaternary sediments at Starunia palaeontological site and vicinity (Carpathian region, Ukraine). Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 79: 289-296.
• Lambracht, E., Westberg, E. & Kadereit, J. W., 2007. Phylogeographic evidence for the postglacial colonization of the North and Baltic Sea coasts from inland glacial refugia by Triglochin maritima L. Flora, 202: 79-88.
• Laskowska-Wysoczańska, W. & Niklewski, J., 1969. Stratigraphical position of the skeleton of Mammuthus trogontheri from Rzochów near Mielec. Bulletin del'Academie Polonaise des Sc ences, Série des Sci ences Géologiques et Géographiques, 17, 2: 131-141.
• Latałowa, M., 2003a. Późny Vistulian. In: Dybova-Jachowiczowa, S. & Sadowska, A. (eds), Palinologia. (In Polish). Wydawnictwa Instytutu Botaniki PAN, Kraków: 266-273.
• Latałowa, M., 2003b. Holocen. In: Dybova-Jachowiczowa, S. & Sadowska, A. (eds), Palinologia. (In Polish). Wydawnictwa Instytutu Botaniki PAN, Kraków: 273-292.
• Lindner, L., Gozhik, P., Marciniak, B., Marks, L. & Yelovicheva, Y., 2004. Main climatic changes in the Quaternary of Poland, Belarus and Ukraine. Geological Quarterly, 48: 97-114.
• Lindner, L. & Marks, L., 2008. Pleistocene stratigraphy of Poland and its correlation with stratotype sections in the Volhynian Upland (Ukraine). Geochronometria, 31: 31-37.
• Litt, T., Brauer, A., Goslar, T., Merkt, J., Bałaga, K., Müller, H., Ralska-Jasiewiczowa, M., Stebich, M. & Negendank, J., 2001. Correlation and synchronisation of Lateglacial continen tal sequences in northern central Europe based on annually laminate lacustrine sediments. Quaternary Science Reviews, 20: 1233-1249.
• Łanczont, M. & Boguckyj, A., 2002. The examined loess sites in the Halyè Prydnistrov'ja region. Studia Geologica Polonica, 119: 347-354.
• Łanczont, M. & Boguckyj, A., 2007. High-resolution terres trial archive of climatic oscillations during Oxygen Isotope Stages 5-2 in the loess-palaeosolsequence at Kolodiiv (East Carpathian Foreland, Ukraine). Geological Quarterly, 51: 105-126.
• Łomnicki, M., 1914. Dolina Łukawca Wielkiego i Małego (Staruńsko- Mołotkowska). (In Polish). In: Bayger, J. A., Hoyer, H., Kiernik, E., Kulczyński, W., Łomnicki, M., Łomnicki, J., Mierzejewski, W., Niezabitowski, E., Raciborski, M., Szafer, W. & Schille, F. (eds), Wykopaliska staruńskie. Muzeum imienia Dzieduszyckich we Lwowie, 15: 12-14.
• Mamakowa, K., 1997. Compiing, entering and processing of Polish data relating to the last interglacial - scientific raport no 2. Archives of the Władysław Szafer Institute of Botany Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, 15 ms. pp.
• Mamakowa, K., 2003. Plejstocen. (In Polish) In: Dybova-Jachowiczowa, S. & Sadowska, A. (eds), Palinologia. Wydawnictwa Instytutu Botaniki PAN, Kraków: 235-266.
• Mamakowa, K., Starkel, L., Boratyn, J. & Brud, S., 1997. Stratigraphy of the Vistulian alluvial fills in the Wisłoka Valley North of Debica. Studia Geomorphologica-Carpatho-Balcanica, 31: 83-99.
• Margielewski, W., 2006. Records of the Late Glacial-Holocene palaeoenvironmental changes in landslide forms and deposits of the Beskid Makowski and Beskid Wyspowy Mts. Area (Polish Outer Carpathians). Folia Quaternaria, 76: 3-149.
• Martinson, D. G., Pisias, N. G., Hays, J. D., Imbrie, J., Moore, T. C. & Shackleton, N. J., 1987. Age dating and the orbital theory of the iceages: development of a high resolution 0 to 300,000-year chronostratigraphy. Quaternary Research, 27: 1-29.
• Matskevyj, L. G., 2005. Archaeological sites in the Starunia area, fore-Carpathian region, Ukraine. In: Kotarba, M. J. (ed.), Polish and Ukrainian geological studies (2004-2005) at Starunia - the area of discoveries of woolly rhinoceroses. Polish Geological Institute and Society of Research on Environmental Changes "Geosphere", Warszawa-Kraków: 45-51.
• Mitura, F., 1944. Geologia złoża wosku w Staruni. (In Polish). Unpublished report, Archive of the Jagiellonian University, Kraków, 18 ms. pp.
• Mojski, J., 2005. Ziemie polskie w czwartorzędzie. Zarys morfogenezy. (In Polish). Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny, Warszawa, 404 pp.
• Mol, J., Vandenberghe, J. & Kasse, C., 2000. Riverresponse to variations of periglacial climate in midlatitude Europe. Geomorphology, 33: 131-148.
• Mościcki, W. J., Toboła, T. & Zarzyka-Ryszka, M., 2009. Salinity of Quaternary sediments and halophytes at Starunia palaeontological site and vicinity (Carpathian region, Ukraine). Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 79: 391-402.
• Nessje, A. & Johannessen, T., 1992. What were the primary forcing mechanisms of high-frequency Holocene glacier and climatic variations. The Holocene, 2: 70-84.
• Nowak, J. & Panow, E., 1930. Thegeological conditions of the Starunia excavations. In: Nowak, J., Panow, E., Tokarski, J., Szfer, W. & Stach, J. (eds), The second wolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis Blum.) from Starunia, Poland. Bulletin Internationale del' Académie Polonaise des Sciences et des Lettres de Cracovie, Ser. B, Cracovie: 1-7.
• Nowak, J., Panow, E., Tokarski, J., Szafer, W. & Stach, J., 1930. The second woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis Blum.) from Starunia, Poland. Bulletin Internationale del' Académie Polonaise des Sciences et des Lettres de Cracovie, B: 1-47.
• Ralska-Jasiewiczowa, M., 1989. Environmental changes recorded in lakes and mires of Poland during the last 13 000 years, part III. Acta Palaeobotanica, 29, 2: 72-84.
• Ralska-Jasiewiczowa, M., Goslar, T., Różanski, K., Wacnik, A., Czernik, J. & Chrost, L., 2003. Very fast environmental changes at the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary, recorded in laminated sediments of Lake Gościąż, Poland. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 193: 225-247.
• Raskatov, G. I., 1966. Chetvertichnaya sistema. (In Russian). In: Semenenko, N. P. (ed.), Karpaty - geologicheskoe opisanie. Geologija SSSR, 48: 267-319.
• Renssen, H. & Vandenberghe, J., 2003. Investigation of the relation ship between permafrost distribution in NW Europe and extensive winter sea-icecover in the North Atlantic Ocean during the coldphases of the Last Glaciation. Quaternary Science Reviews, 22: 209-223.
• Rogala, W., 1907. Przyczynek do znajomości dyluwialnych utworów Galicji. (In Polish). Kosmos, 32: 350-363.
• Sobolewska, M., Starkel, L. & Środoń, A., 1964. Late Pleistocene deposits with fossil flora at Wadowice (West Carpathians). (In Polish, English summary). Folia Quaternaria, 16: 1-64. Sokołowski, T., 1995. Evolution of the lower course of the Dunajec valley during the Vistulian and Holocene. In: Starkel, L. (ed.), Evolution of the Vistula River valley during the last 15 000 years, part V. Geographical Studies, Special Issue, 8: 51-71.
• Sokołowski, T., 2006. Profile of Prądnik fan deposits near railway station in Cracow. (In Polish, English summary). Prace Komisji Paleogeografii Czwartorzędu Polskiej Akademii Umiejętności, 4: 61-69.
• Sokołowski, T., 2009. Development of relief of the Velyky Lukavets River valley near Starunia palaeontological site (Carpathian region, Ukraine). Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 79: 243-254.
• Sokołowski, T., Stachowicz-Rybka, R. & Woronko, B., 2009. Upper Pleistocene and Holocene deposits at Starunia palaeontological site and vicinity (Carpathian region, Ukraine). Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 79: 255-278.
• Stachowicz-Rybka, R., Granoszewski, W. & Hrynowiecka- Czmielewska, A., 2009a. Quaternary environmental changes at Starunia palaeontological site and vicinity (Carpathian region, Ukraine) based on palaeobotanical studies. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 79: 279-288.
• Stachowicz-Rybka, R., Gałka, M., Alexandrowicz, W. P. & Alexandrowicz, S. W., 2009b. Plant macrofossils and malacocoenoses of Quaternary mineral-organic sediments at Starunia palaeontological site and vicinity (Carpathian region, Ukraine). Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae,79: 297-313.
• Starkel, L., 1983. The reflection of hydrologic changes in the fluvial environment of the temperature zone during the last 15000 years. In: Gregory, J. K. (ed.), Back ground to Palaeohydrology. John Wiley, Chichester: 213-234.
• Starkel, L., 2001. Evolulion of the Vistula River Valley since the last glaciation till present. (In Polish, English summary). Instytut Geografii i Przestrzennego Zagospodarowania im. Stanisława Leszczyckiego PAN, Monografie, 2: 1-263.
• Szafer, W., 1930. The Diluvial Flora in Starunia. In: Nowak, J., Panow, E., Tokarski, J., Szafer, W. & Stach, J. (eds), The second woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis Blum.) from Starunia, Poland. Bulletin International del'Académie Polonaise des Sciences et des Lettres de Cracovie, Ser. B, Cracovie: 12-21.
• Szczepanek, K., Kalinowicz, N. & Gębica, P., 2007. Alluvial deposits and vegetation of the Interpleniglacial period of the Vistulian Glaciation in the Wisłok River Valley between Rzeszów and Łańcut (Sub-Carpathian Trough). (In Polish, English summary). Przegląd Geologiczny, 55: 595-600.
• Turkowska, K., 1988. Évolution de valées fluviatiles sur le Plateau de Łódż au cours du quaternaire tardif. (In Polish, French summary). Acta Geographica Lodziensia, 57: 5-157.
• Van der Hammen, T., Maarleveld, G. C., Vogel, J. C. & Zagwijn, W. H., 1967. Stratigraphy, climatic succession and radiocarbon dating of the last glacial in the Netherlands. Geologie en Mijnbouw, 46: 79-95.
• Van Huissteden, J., Gibbard, P. L. & Briant, R. M., 2001. Periglacial fluvial systems in north west Europe during marine isotope stages 4 and 3. Quaternary International, 79: 75-88.
• Walker, M. J. C., 1995. Climatic changes in Europe during the Last Glacial/Interglacial transition. Quaternary International, 28: 63-76.
• Woillard, G. M. & Mook, W. G., 1982. Carbon-14 dates at Grande Pile: correlation of land and sea chronologies. Science, 215: 159-161.
• Zuber, R., 1888. At las Geologiczny Galicyi - tekst do zeszytu drugiego. (In Polish). Komisya Fizyograficzna Akademii Umiejętności, Kraków, 120 pp.
• Żurek, S. & Pazdur, A., 1999. Zapis zmian paleohydrologicznych w rozwoju torfowisk Polski. (In Polish). In: Pazdur, A., Bluszcz, A., Stankowski, W. & Starkel, L. (eds), Geochronologia górnego czwartorzędu Polski w świetle datowania radiowęglowego i luminescencyjneg. WIND J. Wojewoda - Wrocław: 215-228.