PL EN


Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników
Tytuł artykułu

Microbial gas system and prospectives of hydrocarbon exploration in Miocene strata of the Polish and Ukrainian Carpathian Foredeep

Treść / Zawartość
Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
Molecular composition of natural gases accumulated in autochthonous Miocene strata of the Polish and Ukrainian Carpathian Foredeep is dominated by methane, which usually constitutes over 98 vol%. Methane was generated by the carbon dioxide reduction pathway of microbial processes. Ethane was generated both during microbial and thermogenic processes ("oil window") and propane at the initial stage of the low-temperature thermogenic processes, and also by the microbial processes. The rhythmic and cyclic deposition of Miocene clays and sands as well as the vigorous generation of microbial methane caused that the gas produced in claystone beds was accumulated in the overlaying sandstones, and capped, in turn, by the succeeding claystones. Such generation and accumulation system of microbial gases gave rise to the formation of multi-horizontal gas fields. Analysis of the distribution of immature humic dispersed organic matter in the Upper Badenian and Lower Sarmatian sequences indicates that it is practically homogeneous. A migration range of microbial gases was insignificant and locations of their accumulations would depend only on the existence of proper type of traps (compactional anticlines situated above basement uplifts, sealed by the Carpathian Overthrust and/or by faults; stratigraphic pinching out and stratigraphic traps related to unconformities). Another situation is encountered in the south, beneath the Carpathian Overthrust. The thickness of the autochthonous Miocene strata in this area is more than 1,500 metres. Geochemical studies reveal that from a depth of 2,500 metres starts the process of low-temperature thermogenic hydrocarbon generation (“oil window”). At greater depths, more than 7,500 metres, within the autochthonous Lower Miocene basin only the high-temperature methane ("gas window") could be produced and accumulated.
Rocznik
Strony
523--548
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 92 poz., rys., wykr.
Twórcy
autor
autor
  • AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland, kotarba@agh.edu.pl
Bibliografia
  • 1.Andreyeva-Grigorovich, A. S., Kulchytsky, Y. O., Gruzman, A. D., Lozynyak, P. Y., Petrashkevich, M. I., Portnyagina, L. O., Ivanina, A. V., Smirnov, S. E., Trofimovich, N. A., Savitskaya, N. A. & Shvareva, N. J., 1997. Regional stratigraphic scheme for Neogene formations of the Central Paratethys in the Ukraine. Geologica Carpathica, 48: 123-136.
  • 2.Andreyeva-Grigorovich, A. S., Oszczypko, N., Ślączka, A., Oszczypko-Clowes, M., Savitskaya, N. A. & Trofimovicz, N., 2008. New data on the stratigraphy of the folded Miocene Zone at the front of the Ukrainian Outer Carpathians. Acta Geologica Polonica, 58: 325-353.
  • 3.Baran, U. & Jawor, E., 2009. Seismogeologic documentation of prospects for new gas discoveries in Miocene sandstones under the Carpathian overthrust between Husów and Przemyśl. (In Polish, English summary). Kwartalnik AGH, Geologia, 35 (4/1): 223-253.
  • 4.Berner, U. & Faber, E., 1996. Empirical carbon isotope/maturity relationships for gases from algal kerogens and terrigenous organic matter, based on dry, open-system pyrolysis. Organic Geochemistry, 24: 947-955.
  • 5.Boyko, Y., Kolodiy, V. & Krups'kyy, Y., 2004. Naftogazonososnist'. (In Ukrainian). In: Kolodiy, V. V., Boyko, G. Y. et al. (eds), Karpats'ka naftogazonosna provintsiya. Ukrains'kyy Vydavnychyy Tsentr, Lviv: 100-129.
  • 6.Buła, Z. & Habryn, R., 2011. Precambrian and Palaeozoic basement of the Carpathian Foredeep and adjacent the Outer Carpathians (SE Poland and western Ukraine). Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 81: 221-239.
  • 7.Buła, Z., Byś, I., Florek, R., Habryn, R., Jachowicz, M., Kwar-ciński, J., Laskowicz, R., Liszka, B., Madej, K., Maksym, A., Markowiak, M., Pietrusiak, M., Probulski, J., Ryłko, W., Salwa, S., Sikora, R., Staryszak, G., Tabol-Wójcik, P., Tomaś, A. & Zacharski, J., 2008. Geological-structural atlas of the Palaeozoic basement of the Outer Carpathians and Carpathian Foredeep. Polish Geological Institute, Warszawa, set of 7 maps.
  • 8.Calikowski, A., 1983. Badania geochemiczne gazów ziemnych miocenu na obszarze Husów-Kraków. (In Polish). Prace Instytutu Górnictwa Naftowego i Gazownictwa, 45: 74-81.
  • 9.Claypool, G. E., 1999. Biogenic ethane - where does it come from? American Association of Petroleum Geologists Hed-berg Conference Abstracts, Natural Gas Formation and Occurrence, June 6-10, 1999, Durango, Colorado, p. 27-29.
  • 10.Clayton, C., 1992. Source volumetrics of biogenic gas generation. In: Vially, R. (ed.), Bacterial Gas. Editions Technip, Paris: 191-204.
  • 11.Czepiec, I. & Kotarba, M., 1998. Palaeoecology and organic matter in the Late Badenian and Early Sarmatian marine basin of the Polish part of the Carpathian Foredeep. Przegląd Geologiczny, 46: 732-736.
  • 12.Danysh, V., Gnylko, O., Kopach, I., Krups'kyy, Y., Pavlyuk, M., Pobihun, I., Bizun, B., Savchak, O., Stupka, O. & Shcherba, O., 2004. Litologostratigrafichnyi naris. (In Ukrainian). In: Kolodiy, V. V., Boyko, G. Y. et al. (eds), Karpats'ka naftogazonosna privintsiya. Ukrains'kyy Vydavnychyy Tsentr, Lviv: 12-43.
  • 13.Dickey, P. A. & Hunt, J. M., 1972. Geochemical and hydrogeolo-gical methods of prospecting for stratigraphic traps. In: King, R. E. (ed.), Stratigraphic Oil and Gas Fields - Classification, Exploration Methods, and Case Histories. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 16: 136-167.
  • 14.Dudek, T., 1999. Illite/smectite diagenesis in the autochthonous Miocene claystones of the Carpathian Foredeep. (In Polish, English summary). Prace Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego, 168: 125-133.
  • 15.Espitalié, J. & Bordeneve, M. L., 1993. Rock Eval pyrolysis. In: Bordeneve, M. L. (ed.), Applied petroleum geochemistry. Editions Technip, Paris: 237-261.
  • 16.Fedyshyn, V. O., Havrylko, V. M., Kulchytski, D. Y., Kar-penchuk, Y. R. & Tkachenko, A. I., 2001. Results of prospecting-exploration works and industrial exploration of gas reserves in the Bilche-Volytsia zone of the Precarpathian foredeep and prospects of the new gas fields prospecting. (In Ukrainian, English summary). Geologiya i Geohkimiya Horyuchykh Kopalyn, 4: 3-23.
  • 17.Garlicki, A., 1979. Sedimentation of Miocene salt in Poland. (In Polish, English summary). Prace Geologiczne Komisji Nauk Geologicznych PAN, Oddział w Krakowie, 119: 1-66.
  • 18.Gautier, D. L. & Claypool, G. E., 1984. Interpretation of methanic diagenesis in ancient sediments by analogy with processes in modern diagenetic environments. In: McDonald, D. A. & Surdam, R. C. (eds), Clastic diagenesis. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 37: 111-123.
  • 19.Głogoczowski, J. J., 1976. On origin and migration of natural gas in Miocene strata of the SE part of the Carpathian Foredeep. (In Polish, English summary). Przegląd Geologiczny, 26: 372-380.
  • 20.Gradstein, F., Ogg, J. & Smith, A., eds, 2004. A geological time scale 2004. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • 21.Hinrichs, K., Hayes, J. M., Bach, W., Spivack, A. J., Hmelo, L. R., Holm, N. G., Johnson, C. G., & Sylva, S. P., 2006. Biological formation of ethane and propane in the deep marine sub-surface. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 103: 14684-14689.
  • 22.Hunt, J. M., 1991. Generation of gas and oil from coal and other terrestrial organic matter. Organic Geochemistry, 17: 673-680.
  • 23.Jawor, E., 1983. Miocene strata between Cracow and Dębica. (In Polish, English summary). Przegląd Geologiczny, 31: 635-641.
  • 24.Jawor, E. & Kotarba, M., 1993. Origin of natural gas accumulated in Cenomanian and Miocene reservoirs in Brzezowiec field. (In Polish, English summary). Nafta, 49: 47-53.
  • 25.Jenden, P. D. & Kaplan, I. R., 1986. Comparison of microbial gases from the Middle America Trench and Scripps Submarine Canyon: implications for the origin of natural gas. Applied Geochemistry, 1: 631-646.
  • 26.Karnkowski, P., 1974. Zapadlisko przedkarpackie - część wschodnia (na wschód od Krakowa). (In Polish). In: Pozaryski, W. (ed.), Budowa Geologiczna Polski, 4 (1), Tektonika, Niż Polski. Wydawnictwa Geologiczne, Warszawa: 402-416.
  • 27.Karnkowski, P., 1989. Deltaic deposits of the Carpathians foreland. (In Polish, English summary). Przegląd Geologiczny, 37: 28-32.
  • 28.Karnkowski, P., 1994. Miocene deposits of the Carpathian Foredeep (according to results of oil and gas prospecting). Geological Quarterly, 38: 377-394.
  • 29.Karnkowski, P., 1999. Oil and gas deposits in Poland. GEOS, Kraków, 380 pp.
  • 30.Karnkowski, P. H. & Ozimkowski, W., 2001. Structural evolution of the pre-Miocene basement in the Carpathian Foredeep (Kraków-Przemyśl region, SE Poland). (In Polish, English summary). Przegląd Geologiczny, 49: 431-436.
  • 31.Kotarba, M., 1992. Bacterial gases in Polish part of the Carpathian Foredeep and the Flysch Carpathians: isotopic and geological approach. In: Vially, R. (ed.), Bacterial Gas. Editions Tech-nip, Paris: 133-146.
  • 32.Kotarba, M., 1995. Geochemia trwałych izotopów w poszukiwaniach naftowych (In Polish). Przegląd Geologiczny, 43: 988-992.
  • 33.Kotarba, M., 1998. Composition and origin of gaseous hydrocarbons in the Miocene strata of the Polish part of the Carpathian Foredeep. Przegląd Geologiczny, 46: 751-758.
  • 34.Kotarba, M. J., 1999. Generation and accumulation of hydrocarbons and geochemical characteristics of organic matter in autochthonous Miocene strata of the Carpathian Foredeep). (In Polish, English summary). Prace Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego, 168: 277-296.
  • 35.Kotarba, M. J., 2011. Origin of natural gases in the autochthonous Miocene strata of the Polish Carpathian Foredeep. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 81: 409-424.
  • 36.Kotarba, M. J., Curtis, J. B. & Lewan, M. D., 2009. Comparison of natural gases accumulated in Oligocene strata with hydrous pyrolysis gases from Menilite Shales of the Polish Outer Carpathians. Organic Geochemistry, 40: 769-783.
  • 37.Kotarba, M. & Jawor E., 1993. Petroleum generation, migration and accumulation in the Miocene sediments and Paleozoic-Mesozoic basement complex of the Carpathian Foredeep between Cracow and Pilzno (Poland). In: Spencer, A. M. (ed.), Generation, accumulation and production of Europe's hydrocarbons. Special Publication of the European Association of Petroleum Geologists, 3, Springer, Heidelberg: 295-301.
  • 38.Kotarba, M. J., Kisielowska, E., Więcław, D., Akimienko, V., Bondar, V. A., Laurenavichus, K. S. & Zyakun, A. M., 1995. Badania mikrobiologiczne metanogenezy w utworach miocenu zapadliska przedkarpackiego. (In Polish). In: Geneza gazów akumulowanych w utworach miocenu zapadliska przedkarpackiego. Unpublished report, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, pp. 81-86.
  • 39.Kotarba, M. J. & Koltun, Y. V., 2006. The origin and habitat of hydrocarbons of the Polish and Ukrainian Parts of the Carpathian Province. In: Golonka, J. & Picha, F. J. (eds), The Carpathians and their foreland: geology and hydrocarbon resources. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 84: 395-442.
  • 40.Kotarba, M. J. & Koltun, Y. V., 2011. Origin of natural gases accumulated in the autochthonous Miocene strata and the Mesozoic basement of the western part of the Ukrainian Carpathian Foredeep. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 81: 425- 441.
  • 41.Kotarba, M. J. & Lewan, M. D., 2004. Characterizing thermogenic coalbed gas from Polish coals of different ranks by hydrous pyrolysis. Organic Geochemistry, 35: 615-646.
  • 42.Kotarba, M., Szafran, S. & Espitalié, J., 1987. A study of organic matter and natural gases of the Miocene sediments in Polish part of the Carpathian Foredeep. Chemical Geology, 64: 197-207.
  • 43.Kotarba, M., Kowalski, A. & Więcław, D., 1994. Nowa metoda obliczeń wskaźnika CPI i wykorzystanie badań dystrybucji n-alkanów i izoprenoidów w prospekcji naftowej. (In Polish). Materiały Sympozjum "Badania geochemiczne i petrofizyczne w poszukiwaniach ropy naftowej i gazu ziemnego ", Balice k/Krakowa, 27-28.06.1994. Wyd. IGNiG, Kraków, pp. 82-92.
  • 44.Kotarba, M., Burzewski, W., Wilczek, T., Słupczyński, K., Kosakowski, P. & Botor, D., 1998a. Model of gaseous hydrocarbon generation in the Miocene strata of the Polish part of the Carpathian Foredeep. Przegląd Geologiczny, 46: 737-742.
  • 45.Kotarba, M. J., Wilczek, T., Kosakowski, P., Kowalski, A. & Więcław D., 1998b. A study of organic matter and habitat of gaseous hydrocarbons in the Miocene strata of the Polish part of the Carpathian Foredeep. Przegląd Geologiczny, 46: 742-750.
  • 46.Kotarba, M. J., Więcław, D., Kosakowski, P. & Kowalski, A., 2005. Hydrocarbon potential of source rocks and origin of natural gases accumulated in Miocene strata of the Carpathian Foredeep in Rzeszów area. (In Polish, English summary). Przegląd Geologiczny, 53: 67-76.
  • 47.Kotarba, M. J., Więcław, D., Kosakowski, P., Koltun, Y. V. & Kowalski, A., 201 1a. Evaluation of hydrocarbon potential of the autochthonous Miocene strata in the NW part of the Ukrainian Carpathian Foredeep. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 81: 395-407.
  • 48.Kotarba, M. J., Więcław, D., Kosakowski, P., Wróbel, M., Ma-tyszkiewicz, J., Buła, Z., Krajewski, M., Koltun, Y. V. & Tarkowski, J., 2011b. Petroleum systems in the Palaeozoic-Mesozoic basement of the Polish and Ukrainian parts of the Carpathian Foredeep. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 81: 487-522.
  • 49.Kotlarczyk, J., 1991. Modele basenów sedymentacyjnych jednostki skolskiej i zatoki rzeszowskiej. (In Polish). Materiały XIV Konferencji paleontologów w Karpatach Rzeszowskich. Wyd. Instytutu Geologii i Surowców Mineralnych Akademii Górniczo-Hutniczej, Kraków, 24: 11-21.
  • 50.Krups'kyy, Y. Z., 2001. Geodynamichni umovy formuvannya i naftogazonosnist' Karpats'kogo i Volhyno-Podil'skogo regioniv Ukrainy. (In Ukrainian). UkrDGRI, Kyiv, 143 pp.
  • 51.Krzywiec, P., 1999. Miocene tectonic evolution of the Eastern Carpathian Foredeep Basin (Przemysl-Lubaczów) in light of seismic data interpretation. (In Polish, English summary). Prace Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego, 168: 249-276.
  • 52.Krzywiec, P., Wysocka, A., Oszczypko, N., Mastalerz, K., Papiernik, B., Wróbel, G., Oszczypko-Clowes, M., Aleksandrowski, P., Madej, K. & Kijewska, S., 2008. Evolution of the Miocene deposits of the Carpathian Foredeep in the vicinity of Rzeszów (the Sokołów-Smolarzyny 3D seismic survey area). (In Polish, English summary). Przegląd Geologiczny, 56: 232-245.
  • 53.Kurovets, I., Prytulka, G., Shpot, Y. & Peryt, T. M., 2004. Middle Miocene Dashava Formation sandstones, Carpathian Foredeep, Ukraine. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 27: 373-388.
  • 54.Kurovets, I., Prytulka, H., Shyra, A., Shuflyak, Y. & Peryt, T. M., 2011. Petrophysical properties of the pre-Miocene rocks of the Outer Zone of the Ukrainian Carpathian Foredeep. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 81: 363-373.
  • 55.Lillis, P. G., 2007. Upper Cretaceous Microbial Petroleum Systems in North-Central Montana. The Mountain Geologist, 44: 11-35.
  • 56.Martini, A. M., Budai, J. M., Walter, L. M. & Schoell, M., 1996. Microbial generation of economic accumulations of methane within a shallow organic-rich shale. Nature, 383, 6596: 155- 158.
  • 57.Martini, A. M., Walter, L. M., Budai, J. M., Ku, T. C. W., Kaiser, C. J. & Schoell, M., 1998. Genetic and temporal relations between formation waters and biogenic methane: Upper Devonian Antrim Shale, Michigan Basin, USA. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 62: 1699-1720.
  • 58.Moryc, W., 1995. Lądowe utwory paleogenu na obszarze Przedgórza Karpat, (in Polish). Nafta-Gaz, 51: 181-195.
  • 59.Myśliwiec, M., 2004a. The Miocene reservoir rocks of the Carpathian Foredeep. (In Polish, English summary). Przegląd Geologiczny, 52: 581-592.
  • 60.Myśliwiec, M., 2004b. Traps for gas accumulations and the resulting zonation of the gas fields in the Miocene strata of the eastern part of the Carpathian Foredeep (SE Poland). (In Polish, English summary). Przegląd Geologiczny, 52: 657-664.
  • 61.Myśliwiec, M., Borys, Z., Bosak, B., Liszka, B., Madej, K., Maksym, A., Oleszkiewicz, K., Pietrusiak, M., Plezia, B., Staryszak, G., Świętnicka, G., Zielińska, C., Zychowicz, K., Gliniak, P., Florek, R., Zacharski, J., Urbaniec, A., Górka, A., Karnkowski, P. & Karnkowski, P. H., 2006. Hydrocarbon resources of the Polish Carpathian Foredeep: reservoirs, traps, and selected hydrocarbon fields. In: Golonka, J. & Picha, F. J. (eds), The Carpathians and Their Foreland: Geology and Hydrocarbon Resources. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 84: 351-393."" in the geological history of the Carpathian Foredeep and in the distribution of oil and gas deposits. (In Polish, English summary). Prace Geologiczne Komisji Nauk Geologicznych PAN, Oddział w Krakowie, 45: 1-82.
  • 62.Ney, R., 1969. The Miocene of the Southern Roztocze, between Horyniec and Łówcza, and the adjacent area of the Carpathian Foredeep. (In Polish, English summary). Prace Geologiczne Komisji Nauk Geologicznych PAN, Oddział w Krakowie, 60: 1-93.
  • 63.Ney, R., Burzewski, W., Bachleda, T., Górecki, W., Jakóbczak, K. & Słupczyński, K., 1974. Outline of paleogeography and evolution of lithology and facies of Miocene layers on the Carpathian Foredeep. (In Polish, English summary). Prace Geologiczne Komisji Nauk Geologicznych PAN, Oddział w Krakowie, 82: 1-65.
  • 64.Oremland, R. S., Whiticar, M. J., Strohmaier, F. S. & Kiene, R. P., 1986. Bacterial ethane formation from reduced, ethylated sulfur compounds in anoxic sediments. Geochimica et CosmochimicaActa, 52: 1895-1904.
  • 65.Oszczypko N., 1998. The Western Carpathian foredeep-development of the foreland basin in front of the accretionary wedge and its burial history (Poland). Geologica Carpathica, 49: 1-18.
  • 66.Oszczypko, N., 1999. The Miocene subsidence of the Polish Carpathian Foredeep. (In Polish, English summary). Prace Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego, 168: 209-230.
  • 67.Oszczypko, N., 2006a. Late Jurassic-Miocene evolution of the Outer Carpathian fold-and-thrust belt and its foredeep basin (Western Carpathians, Poland). Geological Quarterly, 50: 169-194.
  • 68.Oszczypko, N., 2006b. Position of the Polish Outer Carpathians in the Alpine arc and their stages of development. (In Polish, English summary). In: Oszczypko, N., Uchman, A. & Malata, E. (eds), Rozwój paleotektoniczny basenów Karpat zewnętrznych i pienińskiego pasa skałkowego. Instytut Nauk Geologicznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków: 9-18.
  • 69.Oszczypko, N. & Oszczypko-Clowes, M., 2003. The Aquitanian marine deposits in the basement of Polish Western Carpathians and its palaeogeographical and palaeotectonic implications. Acta Geologica Polonica, 53: 101-122.
  • 70.Oszczypko, N., Krzywiec, P., Popadyuk, I. & Peryt, T., 2006. Carpathian Foredeep Basin (Poland and Ukraine): Its sedimentary, structural, and geodynamic evolution. In: Golonka, J. & Picha, F. J. (eds), The Carpathians and their foreland: geology and hydrocarbon resources. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 84: 293-350.
  • 71.Peryt, T. M., 2000. Resedimentation of basin centre sulphate deposits: Middle Miocene Badenian of Carpathian Foredeep, southern Poland. Sedimentary Geology, 134: 331-242.
  • 72.Peryt, T. M., 2006. The beginning, development and termination of the Middle Miocene Badenian salinity crisis in Central Paratethys. Sedimentary Geology, 188-189: 379-396.
  • 73.Popadyuk, I., Vul, M., Ladyzhensky, G. & Shpak, P., 2006. The petroleum geology of the Ukrainian Carpathian Foredeep. In: Golonka, J. & Picha, F. J. (eds), The Carpathians and their foreland: geology and hydrocarbon resources. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 84: 443-454.
  • 74.Prinzhofer, A. & Pernaton, E., 1997. Isotopically light methane in natural gas: bacterial imprint or diffusive fractionation. Chemical Geology, 142: 193-200.
  • 75.Prinzhofer, A., Mello, M. R. & Takaki, T., 2000. Geochemical characterization of natural gas: a physical multivariable approach and its applications in maturity and migration estimates. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 84: 1152-1172.
  • 76.Rice, D. D., 1992. Controls, habitat, and resource potential of ancient bacterial gas. In: Vially, R. (ed.), Bacterial Gas. Editions Technip, Paris: 91-117.
  • 77.Rice, D. D., 1993. Biogenic gas: controls, habitats, and resource potential. In: Howell, D. G. (ed.), The Future of Energy Gases. USGS Professional Paper, 1570: 583-606.
  • 78.Rice, D. D. & Claypool, G. E., 1981. Generation, accumulation, and resource potential of biogenic gas. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 65: 5-25.
  • 79.Rooney, M. A., Claypool, G. E. & Chung, H. M., 1995. Modeling thermogenic gas generation using carbon isotope ratios of natural gas hydrocarbons. Chemical Geology, 126: 219-232.
  • 80.Shabo, Z. V. & Mamchur, G. P., 1984. O perspektivakh gazonosnosti glubokikh gorizontov Predkarpatskogo progiba po izotopnomu sostavu ugleroda. (In Russian). Geologicheskiy Zhurnal, 1: 50-57.
  • 81.Shcherba, V. M., Pavlyukh, I. S. & Shcherba, O. S., 1987. Gazo-vye mestorozhdeniya Predkarpatya (In Russian). Naukova Dumka, Kiev, 148 pp.
  • 82.Szafran, S., 1990. Warunki paleotemperaturowe utworów mio-cenu autochtonicznego zapadliska przedkarpackiego w Polsce (In Polish). Sprawozdania z Posiedzeń Komisji Nauk Geologicznych PAN, 32: 162-164.
  • 83.Taylor, S. W., Sherwood Lollar, B. & Wassenaar, L. I., 2000. Bacteriogenic ethane in near-surface aquifers: implications for leaking hydrocarbon well bores. Environmental Science and Technology, 34: 472-473.
  • 84.Vashchenko, V. O., Turchynova, S. M., Turchynov, I. I. & Poliha, G. G., 2007. Derzhavna geologichna karta Ukrainy (In Ukrainian), 1:200 000. Karpats'ka seriya. Arkush M-35-XXV (Ivano-Frankivs'k). Poyasnyuvalna zapiska. (In Ukrainian). UkrDGI, Kyiv.
  • 85.Vul, M. Y., Denega, B. I., Krupsky, Y. Z., Nimets, M. V., Svyry-denko, V. G. & Fedyshyn, V. O. (eds), 1998a. Western oil-and gas-bearing region. In: Ivanyuta, M. M., Fedyshyn, V. O. et al. (eds), Atlas of oil and gas fields of Ukraine in six volumes. Volume 4. Ukrainian Oil and Gas Academy, Lviv, 328 pp.
  • 86.Vul, M. Y., Denega, B. I., Krupsky, Y. Z., Nimets, M. V., Svyry-denko, V. G. & Fedyshyn, V. O. (eds), 1998b. Western oil-and gas-bearing region. In: Ivanyuta, M. M., Fedyshyn, V. O. et al. (eds), Atlas of oil and gas fields of Ukraine in six volumes. Volume 5, Ukrainian Oil and Gas Academy, Lviv, 710 pp.
  • 87.Waples, D. W., 1980. Time and temperture in petroleum application of Lapatin method to petroleum exploration. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 64: 916-926.
  • 88.Whiticar, M. J., 1994. Correlation of natural gases with their sources. In: Magoon, L. B. & Dow, W. G. (eds), The petroleum system -from source to trap. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir, 60: 261-283
  • 89.Whiticar, M. J., Faber, E. & Schoell, M., 1986. Biogenic metane formation in marine and fresh water environment, CO2redution vs. acetate fermentation - Isotopic evidence. Geoch mica et Cosmochimica Acta, 50: 693-709.
  • 90.Więcław, D., 2011. Origin of liquid hydrocarbons accumulated in the Miocene strata of the Polish Carpathian Foredeep and its Palaeozoic- Mesozoic basement. Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae, 81: 443^58.
  • 91.Więcław, D., Kotarba, M. J., Kowalski, A. & Koltun, Y. V., (in press). Origin and maturity of oils in the Ukrainian Carpathians and their Mesozoic basement. Geological Quarterly.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BUS6-0036-0054
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.