The Orava Deep Drilling Project and post-Palaeogene tectonics of the Northern Carpathians

• Autorzy: Golonka J. , Aleksandrowski P. , Aubrecht R. , Chowaniec J. , Chrustek M. , Cieszkowski M. , Florek R. , Gawęda A. , Jarosiński M. , Kępińska B. , Krobicki M. , Lefeld J. , Lewandowski M. , Marko F. , Michalik J. , Oszczypko N. , Picha F. , Potfaj M. , Słaby E. , Ślączka A. , Stefaniuk M. , Uchman A. , Żelaźniewicz A.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Problematyka głębokiego wiercenia na Orawie a popaleogeńska tektonika Karpat Północnych

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

This paper presents an insight into the geology of the area surrounding the ODDP proposed drilling site, and the structural development of the Carpathians in post-Palaeogene times. Since the deep drilling is proposed to be located in the Orava region of the Northern Carpathians, on the Polish-Slovak border, the structure and origin of the Neogene Orava Basin is also addressed in the paper. The outline of geology of the Carpathian Mountains in Slovakia and Poland is presented. This outline includes the Inner Carpathian Tatra Mountains, the Inner Carpathian Palaeogene Basin, the Pieniny Klippen Belt, the Outer Carpathians, the deep structure below the Carpathian overthrust, the Orava Basin Neogene cover, the Neogene magmatism, faults and block rotations within the Inner and Outer Carpathians, and the Carpathian contemporary stress field. The outline of geology is accompanied by the results of the most recent magnetotelluric survey and the detailed description of the post-Palaeogene plate tectonics of the circum-Carpathian region. The oblique collision of the Alcapa terrane with the North European plate led to the development of the accretionary wedge of the Outer Carpathians and foreland basin. The northward movement of the Alpine segment of the Carpathian-Alpine orogen had been stopped due to its collision with the Bohemian Massif. At the same time, the extruded Carpatho/ Pannonian units were pushed to the open space, towards a bay of weak crust filled up by the Outer Carpathian flysch sediments. The separation of the Carpatho/Pannonian segment from the Alpine one and its propagation to the north was related to the development of the N-S dextral strike-slip faults. The formation of the West Carpathian thrusts was completed by the Miocene time. The thrust front was still progressing eastwards in the Eastern Carpathians. The Carpathian loop including the Pieniny Klippen Belt structure was formed. The Neogene evolution of the Carpathians resulted also in the formation of genetically different sedimentary basins. These basins were opened due to lithospheric extension, flexure, and strike-slip related processes. A possible asteno- sphere upwelling may have contributed to the origin of the Orava Basin, which represents a kind of a rift modified by strike-slip/pull-apart processes. In this way, a local extensional regime must have operated on a local scale in the Orava region, within the frame of an overall compressional stress field affecting the entire West Carpathians. Nevertheless, many questions remain open. Without additional direct geological data, which can be achieved only by deep drilling under the Orava Deep Drilling Project, these questions cannot be fully and properly answered.

PL

W grudniu 1999 Polska dołączyła do programu wierceń kontynentalnych - International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP). W ramach tego programu jest przygotowywany projekt głębokiego wiercenia w strefie kontaktu teranu Karpat wewnętrznych i płyty północnoeuropejskiej. Praca przedstawia zarys geologii Karpat na terenie Polski i Słowacji, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem Tatr, paleogenu wewnątrzkarpackiego, pienińskiego pasa skałkowego, zachodnich Karpat zewnętrznych, podłoża nasunięcia karpackiego na południe od Krakowa, neogeńskiego wulkanizmu i budowy geologicznej niecki orawskiej. Wiercenie "Orawa" byłoby usytuowane w rejonie Jabłonki-Chyżnego na linii przekroju sejsmicznego CELEBRATION CEL01, jak również w niedalekim sąsiedztwie głębokiego przekroju geologicznego Kraków-Zakopane i na linii przekroju Andrychów-Chyżne. Przekroje Kraków--Zakopane i Andrychów-Chyżne wykorzystują szereg wierceń Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego i PGNiG, a także badania sejsmiczne i magnetote-luryczne. Usytuowanie wiercenia w rejonie przygranicznym pozwoli na międzynarodową współpracę z geologami i geofizykami słowackimi. Wiercenie to ma na celu wyjaśnienie szeregu problemów badawczych. Jednym z nich jest zagadnienie młodych i współczesnych ruchów tektonicznych w Karpatach. Przez obszar karpacki przebiega granica europejskiego pola plam gorąca, wyznaczona neogeńskim wulkanizmem oraz rozkładem strumienia cieplnego. Na obszarze pomiędzy Górną Orawą a Górnym Śląskiem, linia graniczna łącząca neogeńskie wulkanity Zakarpacia z andezytami rejonu przypienińskiego i bazaltami Dolnego Śląska przecina skośnie nasunięcia jednostek fliszowych Karpat Zewnętrznych. Równocześnie w rejonie Orawy do pienińskiego pasa skałkowego skośnie dochodzi oś karpackiej, ujemnej anomalii grawimetrycznej, a podłoże skonsolidowane występuje na głębokości nie większej niż 6-9 km, a więc w zasięgu głębokiego wiercenia, co sugerują wyniki badań megnetotellurycznych (Żytko, 1999) i magnetycznych. Podniesienie to, przy generalnym zapadaniu podłoża platformy europejskiej pod Karpaty ku południowi, może bya spowodowane warunkami geotermicznymi, na skutek podnoszenia się astenosfery i występowania pióropuszy płaszcza. Pióropusze te mogą bya niezależne od karpackiej kompresji i subdukcji. Z piórpuszami tymi łączy się lokalna i regionalna ekstensja w warunkach megaregionalnej kompresji. Zjawiska tego rodzaju nie są jeszcze dokładnie poznane, aczkolwiek występują w kilku miejscach na świecie (np. Panteleria na Morzu Śródziemnym). Opracowanie zagadnienia roli pióropuszy płaszcza i określenie ich relacji do kolizji i subdukcji mają zasięg globalny, a ich wyjaśnienie w rejonie karpackim pozwoli na stworzenie uniwersalnego modelu ewolucji orogenów. Nie jest wykluczone, że mamy do czynienia z orogenezą "modyfikowaną" przez pióropusz płaszcza. Powstanie niecki Orawy i Podhala mogłoby więc mieć związek z riftingiem spowodowanym wpływem pióropuszy płaszcza na pograniczu dwóch płyt. Ryft ten jest obrzeżony między innymi wyniesieniami Babiej Góry i Orawskiej Magury. Z ryftem może być związany wulkanizm ukryty pod neogeńskimi utworami niecki orawskiej, a widoczny jako wysokooporowe ciała na profilach megnetotellurycznych. Tektonikę tego obszaru komplikuje występowanie uskoków przesuwczych o różnym przebiegu i orientacji i związane z nimi tworzenie się basenów międzyprzesuwczych typu pull-apart. Proponowane wiercenie przyczyniłoby się do uzyskania odpowiedzi na postawione wyżej problemy. Dla określenia dokładnej lokalizacji wiercenia i jego właściwej interpretacji geologicznej konieczne będzie wykonanie dodatkowych prac geofizycznych. Płytka sejsmika wyjaśniłaby zasięg utworów neogeńskich i pozycję pienińskiego pasa skałkowego pod utworami neogenu, zaś głęboka sejsmika, a zwłaszcza zdjęcie 3-D, przyczyni łaby się do lepszego rozpoznania tektoniki wgłębnej.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

plate tectonics; neotectonics; Carpathians; Palaeogene; Neogene; continental deep drilling

• Wydawca: Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
• Czasopismo: Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
• Rocznik: 2005
• Tom: Vol. 75, No 3
• Strony: 211--248
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 211 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Golonka J.

• AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

autor

Aleksandrowski P.

• University of Wrocław, Institute of Geological Sciences, ul. Cybulskiego 30, 50-205 Wrocław, Poland

autor

Aubrecht R.

• Department of Geology and Palaeontology, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic

autor

Chowaniec J.

• Polish Geological Institute, Carpathian Branch, ul. Skrzatów 1, 31-560 Kraków, Poland

autor

Chrustek M.

• AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

autor

Cieszkowski M.

• Jagiellonian University, Institute of Geological Sciences, ul. Oleandry 2a, 30-063 Kraków, Poland

autor

Florek R.

• Polish Oil and Gas Company, ul. Lubicz 25, 31-503 Kraków, Poland

autor

Gawęda A.

• Silesian University, ul. Będzińska 60, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland

autor

Jarosiński M.

• Polish Geological Institute, ul. Rakowiecka 4, 00-975 Warszawa, Poland

autor

Kępińska B.

• Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, ul. Wybickiego 7, 30-950 Warszawa, Poland

autor

Krobicki M.

• AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

autor

Lefeld J.

• Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warszawa, Poland

autor

Lewandowski M.

• Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warszawa, Poland
• Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Księcia Janusza 64, 01-452 Warszawa, Poland

autor

Marko F.

• Department of Geology and Palaeontology, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovak Republic

autor

Michalik J.

• Jagiellonian University, Institute of Geological Sciences, ul. Oleandry 2a, 30-063 Kraków, Poland

autor

Oszczypko N.

autor

Picha F.

• 650 New Haven Court, 945 98 California, U.S.A.

autor

Potfaj M.

• Geological Survey of Slovak Republic, Geologický Ústav Dionyza Štura, Mlynská dolina 1, 817 04 Bratislava, Slovak Republic

autor

Słaby E.

• University of Warsaw, Department of Geology, Al. Żwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland

autor

Ślączka A.

• Jagiellonian University, Institute of Geological Sciences, ul. Oleandry 2a, 30-063 Kraków, Poland

autor

Stefaniuk M.

• AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

autor

Uchman A.

• Jagiellonian University, Institute of Geological Sciences, ul. Oleandry 2a, 30-063 Kraków, Poland

autor

Żelaźniewicz A.

• Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warszawa, Poland

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