Mineralogy of Miocene phosphatic nodules in SE Sicily (Italy)

• Autorzy: Cultrone G. , Anfuso G. , Sebastián E.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

This paper describes the geochemistry and pe trography of three phos phatic nod u lar de pos its in Ragusa Province, south-east Sic ily (Italy). Phosphate nodules of late Burdigalian age are dispersed in a soft, friable packstone matrix within the Irminio Member of the Ragusa Formation. Mineralogical analyses revealed large amounts of calcite (64 to 89 wt. %) and smaller quantities of carbonate-fluorapatite (CFA). P2O5 content was less than 18%. Microtextural observations demonstrated that phosphate precipitation occurred in the microenvironments in the sediment in confined spaces (i.e. cavities, perforations) and not in the shells of microorganisms. The crystals were all of a similarsize (~~1 mm), presented imperfections, and the {0001}CFA and the {1010}CFA forms were clearly apparent. These hexagonal prisms showed reduced growth along their caxis. Our data suggest that bacteria were in volved in the precipitation of CFA.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Late Burdigalian; francolite; crystallites; bacteria

• Wydawca: Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
• Czasopismo: Geological Quarterly
• Rocznik: 2008
• Tom: Vol. 52, No 1
• Strony: 61--61
• Opis fizyczny: –70, bibliogr. 22 poz., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Cultrone G.

autor

Anfuso G.

autor

Sebastián E.

• Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, University of Granada, Avda. Fuentenueva s/n, 18002 Granada, Spain,,

Bibliografia

• BATURIN G. N. (1971) - Formation of phosphate sediments and water dynamics. Oceanology, 11: 372-376. BATURIN G. N. (2000) - Formation and evolution of phosphorite grains and nodules on the Namibian shelf, from recent to Pleistocene. Marine Authigenesis, 66: 185-199.
• BIRCH G. F. (1979) - Phosphatic rocks on the western margin of South Africa. J. Sediment. Petrol., 49: 93-110.
• BOMMARITO S. and LA ROSA N. (1962) - Ricerche sulla estensione dell'orizzonte fosfatifero nella regione Iblea. Rivista Mineraria Siciliana, 13: 1-7.
• CARBONE S., GRASSO M., LENTINI F. and PEDLEY H. M. (1987) The distribution and paleoenvironment of early Miocene phosphorites of Southeast Sicily and their relationships with the Maltese phosphorites. Paleogeogr. Paleoclimat. Paleoecol., 58: 35-53.
• CHEN D. F., DONG W. Q., ZHU B. Q. and CHEN X. P. (2004) - Pb-Pb ages of Neoproterozoic Doushantuo phosphorites in South China: constraints on early metazoan evolution and glaciation events. Precambrian Res., 132: 123-132.
• CHUNG F. H. (1974) - Quantitative interpretation of X-ray diffraction patterns. I. Matrix flushing method of quantitative multicomponent analysis. J. Appl. Crystallography, 7: 519-525.
• CORTESE E. (1929) - Fosfati naturali e loro utilizzazione. La Miniera Italiana, 16: 116.
• DE STEFANI C. (1912) - Noduli fosfatici nei dintorni di Siracusa. Attidella Soc. Toscana di Sc. Nat., P.V., 20.
• DI GRANDE A., LO GIUDICE A. and BATTAGLIA M. (1978) - Dati geomineralogici preliminari sui livelli miocenici a fosfati di Scicli-Donnalucata(Sicilia SE). Boll. Soc. Geol. Italiana, 97: 383-390.
• EHRLICH H. L. (2002) - Geomicrobiology. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York.
• FERRIS F. G. (1997) - Formation of authigenic minerals by bacteria. In: Biological-Mineralogical Interactions (eds. J. M. McIntosh and L. A. Groat). Mineral. Ass. Canada, Short Course Ser., 25: 187-208.
• FOUNTAIN K. B. and McCLELLAN G. H. (2000) - Mineralogical and geochemical evidence for the origin of phosphorite nodules on the upper west Florida slope. Marine Authigenesis, 66: 201-220.
• FROELICH P. N., ARTHUR M. A., BURNETT W. C., DEAKIN M., HENSLEY V., JAHNKE R., KAUL L., KIM K. H., ROE K., SOUTAR A. and VATHAKANON C. (1988) - Early diagenesis of organic matter in Peru continental margin sediments: phosphorite precipitation. Marine Geol., 80: 309-343.
• GLENN C. R. and ARTHUR M. A. (1988) - Petrology andmajor element geochemistry of Peru margin phosphorites and associated diagenetic minerals: Authigenesis in modern organic-rich sediments. Marine Geol., 80: 231-267.
• GOVINDARAJU K. (1989) - Compilation of working values and samples description for 272 geostandards. Geostandards Newsletter, Spec. Iss., 13: 1-113.
• GRASSO M. (1997) - Geological map of the south-central sector of Iblean plateau (Province of Ragusa, SE Sicily), scale 1:50 000.
• GULBRANDSEN R. A. (1970) - Relation of carbon dioxide content of apatite of the Phosphoria Formation to regional facies. US Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap., 700B:B9-B13.
• GUNNARS A., BLOMQVIST S. and MARTINSSON C. (2004) - Inorganic formation of apatite in brackish seawater from the Baltic Sea: an experimental approach. Marine Chemistry, 91: 15-26.
• ILYIN A. (1997) - Mid-Cretaceous phosphate platforms of the Russian Craton. Sediment. Geol., 113: 125-135.
• JARVIS I. (1992) - Sedimentology, geochemistry and origin of phosphatic chalks: the Upper Cretaceous deposits of NW Europe. Sedimentology, 39: 55-97.
• KIM D., SCHUFFERT J. D. and KASTNER M. (1999) - Francolite authigenesis in California continental slope sediments and its implications for the marine P cycle. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 63: 3477-3485.
• KIM K. H. and BURNETT W. C. (1988) - Accumulation and biological mixing of Peru Margin sediments. Marine Geol., 80: 181-194.
• KNIGHT R. (1999) - Phosphates and phosphogenesis in the Gault Clay (Albian) of the Anglo-Paris Basin. Cretaceous Res., 20: 507-521.
• KRAJEWSKI K. P. (2000) - Diagenetic recrystallization and neoformation of apatite in the Triassic phosphogenic facies in Svalbard. Stud. Geol. Pol., 116: 111-137.
• KRAJEWSKI K. P., VAN CAPPELLEN P., TRICHET J., KUHN O., LUCAS J., MARTÍN ALGARRA A., PRÉVÔT L., TEWARI V. C., GASPAR L., KNIGHT R. I. and LAMBOY M. (1994) - Biological processes and apatite formation in sedimentary environments. Eclogae Geol. Helvetiae, 87: 701-745.
• LEGEROS R. Z. (1965) - Effect of carbonate on the lattice parameters of apatite. Nature, 24: 403-404.
• LUCAS J. and PRÉVÔT L. (1984) - SynthPse de l'apatite par voie bactérienne B partir de matiPre organique phosphatée et de divers carbonates de calcium dans des eaux douce et marine naturelles. Chem. Geol., 42: 101-118.
• MARSHALL G. and RUFFELL A. (2004) - Authigenic phosphate nodules (Late Cretaceous, Northern Ireland) as a condensed succession microarchives. Cretaceous Res., 25: 439-452.
• MARTÍN ALGARRA A. and SÁNCHEZ NAVAS A. (1995) - Phosphate stromatolites from condensed chephalopod limestones, Upper Jurassic, Southern Spain. Sedimentology, 42: 893-919.
• MARTÍN ALGARRA A. and SÁNCHEZ NAVAS A. (2000) - Bacterially mediated authigenesis in Mesozoic stromatolites from condensed pelagic sediments (Betic Cordillera, Southern Spain). In: Marine Authigenesis: from global to microbial (eds. C. R. Glenn, L. Prévôt. and J. Lucas). SEPM Spec. Publ., 66: 499-525.
• MARTÍN J. D. (2004) - Using XPowder: A software package for Powder X-Ray diffraction analysis. www.xpowder.com, Legal Deposit GR 1001/04. ISBN 84-609-1497-6. 105 p. Spain.
• MATTHEWS A. and NATHAN Y. (1977) - The decarbonation of carbon-ate-fluorapatite (francolite). Am. Mineralogist, 62: 565-573.
• McCLELLAN G. H. and VAN KAUWENBERGH S. J. (2004) - Characterization of phosphate rocks. In: Use of phosphate rocks for sustainable agriculture (eds. F. Zapata and R. N. Roy). FAO Fertilizers and Plant Nutrition Bull., 13: 17-26.
• NATHAN Y. (1984) - The mineralogy and geochemistry of phosphorites. In: Phosphate Minerals (eds. J. O. Nriagu and P. B. Moore): 275-291. Springer-Verlag. New York.
• PEDLEY M. and BENNETT S. M. (1985) - Phosphorites, hardgrounds and syndepositional subsidence structures: a paleoenvironmental model from the Miocene of the Maltese Islands. Sediment. Geol., 45: 1-34.
• PURNACHANDRA RAO V., MOHAN RAO K. and RAJU D. S. N. (2000) - Quaternary phosphorites from the continental margin off Chennai, southeast India: analogs of ancient phosphate stromatolites. J. Sediment. Res., 70: 1197-1209.
• RAGUSA E. (1902) - Ritrovamento di fosfati a Modica. Boll. Accad. Gioenia Sc. Natur. Catania, 71: 12-21.
• REIMERS C. E., KASTNER M. and GARRISON R. E. (1990) - The role of bacterial mats in phosphate mineralization with particular reference
• to the Monterrey Formation In: Phosphorite Deposit of the World (eds. W. C. Burnett and S. R. Riggs). Cambridge Univ. Press, 3: 300-311.
• RUTTENBERG K. C. and BERNER R. A. (1993) - Authigenic apatite formation and burial in sediments from non-upwelling, continental margin environments. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 57: 991-1007.
• SÁNCHEZ NAVAS A. and MARTÍN ALGARRA A. (2001) - Genesis of apatite in phosphate stromatolites. European J. Mineral., 13: 361-376.
• SCHENAU S. J., SLOMP C. P. and DE LANGE G. J. (2000) - Phosphogenesis and active phosphorite formation in sediments from the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone. Marine Geol., 169: 1-20.
• SCHUFFERT J. D., JAHNKE R. A., KASTNER M., LEATHER J., STURZ A. and WING M. R. (1994) - Rates of formation of modern phosphorite off western Mexico. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 58: 5001-5010.
• SCHUFFERT J. D., KASTNER M., EMANUELE G. and JAHNKE R. A. (1990) – Carbonate ion substitution in francolite: a new equation. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 54: 2323-2328.
• SCHWENNICKE T., SIEGMUND H. and JEHL C. (2000) - Marine phosphogenesis in shallow-water environments: Cambrian, Tertiary, and recent examples. Marine Authigenesis, 66: 481-498.
• SLANSKY M. (1979) - Proposal for the nomenclature and classification of the sedimentary phosphate rocks. In: Proterozoic-Cambrian Phosphorites (eds. J. Cooke and J. H. Shergold): 60-63. Canberra.
• SCOTT V. D. and LOVE G. (1983) - Quantitative electronprobe microanalysis. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
• SOUDRY D. (1993) - Internal structure and growth of an intraformational concretional phosphorite from an early Tertiary starved-sediment sequence: Árava Valley, Southern Israel. Kaupia, Darmstädter Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte, 2: 67-76.
• SOUDRY D. (1994) - Bottom-dwelling microphytes and phosphate sediment accretion: the case of the Campanian phosphorites, Negev, Southern Israel. Kaupia, Darmstädter Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte, 4: 61-70.
• SOUDRY D. (2000) - Microbial phosphate sediments. In: Microbial Sediments (eds. R. E. Riding and S. M. Awramik): 127-136. Springer-Verlag.
• SOUDRY D. and NATHAN Y. (2000) - Microbial infestation: a pathway of fluorite enrichment in bone apatite fragments (Negev phosphorites, Israel). Sediment. Geol., 132: 171-176.
• TEDESCO C. (1966) - Ricerche sulle mineralizzazioni fosfatiche della Sicilia orientale ed esame comparativo dei metodi di prospezione. Rivista Mineraria Siciliana, 97-99: 3-17.
• VAN CAPPELLEN P. and BERNER R. A. (1991) - Fluorapatite crystal growth from modified seawater solutions. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 55: 1219-1234.
• ZAPATA F. and ROY R. N. (2004) - Introduction. In: Use of Phosphate Rocks for Sustainable Agriculture (eds. F. Zapata and R. N. Roy). FAO Fertilizers and Plant Nutrition Bull., 13: 1-9.
• ZHANG G., GERMAINE J. T., MARTIN R. T. and WHITTLE A. J. (2003) - A simple sample-mounting method for random powder X-ray diffraction. Clays and Clay Minerals, 51: 218-225.