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Abstrakty
Using the results of the Rossby Centre Ocean model (RCO) the Baltic inflows in summer/autumn 2002 and January 2003 have been studied. The model results were extracted from a long simulation with observed atmospheric forcing starting in May 1980. In RCO a bottom boundary layer model was embedded. Both the smaller inflows and the major inflow in January 2003 are simulated in good agreement with observations. We found that a total of 222 km3 water entered the Baltic in January; the salinity of 94 km3 was greater than 17 PSU. In August/September 2002 the outflow through the Sound and inflow across the Darss Sill were simulated. The net inflow volume amounted to about 50 km3.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
557--579
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 30 poz., mapa, rys., tab., wykr.
Twórcy
autor
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Rossby Centre, SE-60176 Norrköping, Sweden
autor
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Rossby Centre, SE-60176 Norrköping, Sweden
autor
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Rossby Centre, SE-60176 Norrköping, Sweden
autor
- Institute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Powstańców Warszawy 55, PL-81-712 Sopot, Poland
Bibliografia
- [1] Andrejev O. K., Myrberg K., Mälkki P., Perttilä M., 2002, Three-dimensional modeling of the main Baltic inflow in 1993, Environ. Chem. Phys., 24, 156-161.
- [2] Beckmann A., Döscher R., 1997, A method for improved representation of dense water spreading over topography in geopotential-coordinate models, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 27, 581-591.
- [3] Deleersnijder E., Campin J.-M., Delhez E., 2001, The concept of age in marine modelling: I. Theory and preliminary results, J. Marine Syst., 28, 229-267.
- [4] Döscher R., Beckmann A., 2000, Effects of a bottom boundary layer parameterization in a coarse resolution model of the North-Atlantic Ocean, J. Atmos. Ocean. Tech., 17, 698-707.
- [5] Feistel R., Nausch G., Matthäus W., Hagen E., 2003a, Temporal and spatial evolution of the Baltic deep water renewal in spring 2003, Oceanologia, 45 (4), 623-642.
- [6] Feistel R., Nausch G., Matthäus W., Łysiak-Pastuszak E., Seifert T., Sehested-Hansen I., Mohrholz V., Krüger S., Buch E., Hagen E., 2004, Background data to the exceptionally warm inflow into the Baltic Sea in late summer of 2002, Meereswiss. Ber. (Warnemünde), 58, 1-58.
- [7] Feistel R., Nausch G., Mohrholz V., Łysiak-Pastuszak E., Seifert T., Matthäus W., Krüger S., Sehested-Hansen I., 2003b, Warm waters of summer 2002 in the deep Baltic Proper, Oceanologia, 45 (4), 571-592.
- [8] Fischer H., Matthäus W., 1996, The importance of the Drogden Sill in the Sound for major Baltic inflows, J. Marine Syst., 9, 137-157.
- [9] Graham P. L., 1999, Modeling runoff to the Baltic Sea, Ambio, 27, 328-334.
- [10] Häggmark L., Ivarssson K.-I., Gollvik S., Olofsson P.-O., 2000, Mesan, an operational mesoscale analysis system, Tellus, 52A, 2-20.
- [11] Håkansson B., 2004, On water and salt exchange in a frictionally dominated strait: Connecting the Baltic with the North Sea, Cont. Shelf Res., (accepted).
- [12] Huber K., Kleine E., Lass H. U., Matthäus W., 1994, The major Baltic inflow in January 1993 – measurements and modelling results, Dt. Hydrogr. Z., 46, 103-114.
- [13] Imberger J., 1980, Selective withdrawal: a review, [in:] Second international symposium on stratified flows, pp. 381-400, IAHR, Trondheim (Norway).
- [14] Krauss W., Brügge B., 1991,Wind-produced water exchange between the deep basins of the Baltic Sea, J. Phys. Oceanogr., 21, 373-384.
- [15] Lehmann A., 1995, A three-dimensional baroclinic eddy-resolving model of the Baltic sea, Tellus, 47A, 1013-1031.
- [16] Lehmann A., Lorenz P., Jacob D., 2004, Modelling the exceptional Baltic Sea inflow events in 2002-2003, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L21308, [doi: 10.1029/2004GL020830].
- [17] Matthäus W., Franck H., 1992, Characteristics of major Baltic inflows – a statistical analysis, Cont. Shelf Res., 12, 1375-1400.
- [18] Meier H. E. M., 1996, A regional model of the western Baltic Sea with open boundary conditions and data assimilation, Ph. D. thesis, Inst. Marine Res. Univ. Kiel, Ber. Inst. Meereskunde No 284, 117 pp., (in German).
- [19] Meier H. E. M., 2002a, Regional ocean climate simulations with a 3D ice-ocean model for the Baltic Sea. Part 1: Model experiments and results for temperature and salinity, Clim. Dynam., 19, 237-253.
- [20] Meier H. E. M., 2002b, Regional ocean climate simulations with a 3D ice-ocean model for the Baltic Sea. Part 2: Results for sea ice, Clim. Dynam., 19, 255-266.
- [21] Meier H. E. M., 2004, Modeling the age of Baltic Sea water masses: Quantification and steady-state sensitivity experiments, J. Geophys. Res., (in press).
- [22] Meier H. E. M., R. Döscher, 2002, Simulated water and heat cycles of the Baltic Sea using a 3D coupled atmosphere-ice-ocean model, Boreal Environ. Res., 7, 327-334.
- [23] Meier H. E. M., Döscher R., Faxén T., 2003, A multiprocessor coupled ice-ocean model for the Baltic Sea: Application to salt inflow, J. Geophys. Res., 108 (C8), 3273, [doi: 10.1029/2000JC000521].
- [24] Meier H. E. M., Kauker F., 2003, Modeling decadal variability of the Baltic Sea: 2. Role of freshwater inflow and large-scale atmospheric circulation for salinity, J. Geophys. Res., 108 (C11), 3368, [doi: 10.1029/2003JC001799].
- [25] Nausch G., Feistel R., Lass H. U., Nagel K., Siegel H., 2004, Hydrographisch-chemische Zustandseinschätzung der Ostsee 2003, Meereswiss. Ber. (Warnemünde), 59, 1-80.
- [26] Nausch G., Matthäus W., Feistel R., 2003, Hydrographic and hydrochemical conditions in the Gotland Deep area between 1992 and 2003, Oceanologia, 45 (4), 557-569.
- [27] Piechura J., Beszczyńska-Möller A., 2003, Inflow waters in the deep regions of the southern Baltic Sea – transport and transformations, Oceanologia, 45 (4), 593-621.
- [28] Stigebrandt A., 1978a, Dynamics of an ice-covered lake with through-flow, Nord. Hydrol., 9, 219-244.
- [29] Stigebrandt A. G., 1978b, Three-dimensional selective withdrawal, Rep. No STF60A78036, River and Harbour Lab., Trondheim (Norway), 16 pp.
- [30] Zhurbas V. M., Oh I. S., Paka V. T., 2003, Generation of cyclonic eddies in the Eastern Gotland Basin of the Baltic Sea following dense water inflows: numerical experiments, J. Marine Syst., 38, 323-336.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BUS5-0011-0079