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Sulphates in particles of different sizes in the marine boundary layer over the southern Baltic Sea

Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
Concentrations of sulphate ions and particle size distributions were measured in the marine boundary layer using a ten-cascade Berner impactor at Hel between December 1997 and March 1998, and with a filter pack in Gdynia from February to May 2001. In the marine boundary layer over the Hel Peninsula the presence of natural sea-salt and non-sea-salt sulphate ions (nssSO42-) was confirmed in the aerosols. The nssSO4 were present in all size ranges only in December 1997 and in the first half of January 1998, making up an average of 83.7 š 2.4% of the total sulphate content. In the other winter months, nssSO42- were recorded only in aerosols of diameters from 0.4 to 1.5 žm, and their average contribution dropped by over 20%. The extended growing season in the Southern Baltic resulted in the formation of fine particles that appeared in the marine boundary layer in early winter. At that time the proportion of nssSO42- in ultra-fine particles ranged from 75.7% to 100%. The concentration of nssSO42-, which varied from 0.8 to 2.3 nmol m-3 in particles < 0.4 žm in size probably constituted the natural background aerosol population in the relatively clean coastal environment of the Southern Baltic Sea. In the coastal urbanised area of Gdynia, the sulphate concentration in aerosols was higher than at Hel (av. 75.3 nmol m-3) but the proportion of nssSO4 was low, of the order of 24%. Sea salt was then the dominant source of sulphate.
Słowa kluczowe
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Strony
201--215
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 26 poz., mapa, tab., wykr.
Twórcy
autor
  • Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, PL-81-378 Gdynia, Poland
  • Institute of Oceanography, University of Gdańsk, al. Marszałka Piłsudskiego 46, PL-81-378 Gdynia, Poland
Bibliografia
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  • [6] EURACHEM, 2000, Quantifying uncertainty in analytical measurement, (2nd edn.) Lab. Govern. Chem., London, 1-126.
  • [7] Lam K. S., Cheng Z. L., Chan L. Y., 1997, Aerosol composition at a coastal monitoring site in Hong Kong – initial results, J. Environ. Sci., 9, 396-410.
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  • [9] Łysiak-Pastuszak E., 2000, An assessment of nutrient conditions in the southern Baltic Sea between 1994 and 1998, Oceanologia, 42 (4), 425-448.
  • [10] Mäkelä J. M., Aalto P., Jokinen V., Pohja T., Lihavainen A., Kulmala M., 1997, Observation on ultrafine aerosol particles formation and growth in boreal forest, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24 (10), 1219-1222.
  • [11] Mäkinen M., Hillamo R., Virkkula A., Pakkanen T., 1995, Natural sulphur compounds in atmospheric aerosol in the Finnish Arctic, J. Aerosol Sci., 26, 595-596.
  • [12] Markaki Z., Oikonomou K., Kocak M., Kouvarakis G., Chaniotaki A., Kubilay N., Mihalopoulos N., 2003, Atmospheric deposition of inorganic phosphorus in the Levantine Basin, eastern Mediterranean: Spatial and temporal variability and its role in seawater productivity, Limnol. Oceanogr., 48 (4), 1557-1568.
  • [13] Nadstazik A., Falkowska L., 2001, Selected ionic components of the marine aerosol over the Gulf of Gdańsk, Oceanologia, 43 (1), 23-37.
  • [14] NadstazikA., Marks R., Schulz M., 2000, Nitrogen species and macroelements in aerosols over the southern Baltic Sea, Oceanologia, 42 (4), 411-424.
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  • [16] O‘Dowd C. D., Mcfiggens G., Pirjola L., Creasey D. J., Hoell C., Smith M. H., Allen B., Plane J. M. C., Heard D. E., Lee J. D., Pilling M. J., Kulmala M., 1999, On the photochemical production of new particles in the coastal boundary layer, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26 (12), 1707-1710.
  • [17] Pakkanen T. A., 1996, Study of the formation of coarse particle nitrate aerosols, Atmos. Environ., 30, 2475-2482.
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  • [22] Sievering H., Ennis G., Gorman E., Nagamoto C., 1990, Size distributions and statistical analysis of nitrate, excess sulfate, and chloride deficit in the marine boundary layer during GCE/CASE/WATOX, Global Biogeochem. Cycl., 4, 395-405.
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  • [24] Woroń J., 1999, Airborne pollution input, [in:] Environmental conditions in the polish zone of the southern Baltic Sea during 1998, B. Cyberska, Z. Lauer & A. Trzosińska (eds.), Mater. Oddz. Inst. Meteorol. i Gosp. Wod., 261-269.
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Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BUS5-0011-0059
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