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Conflict analysis and conflict resolution play an important role in negotiation during contract-management situations in many organizations. The issue here is how to model a combination of complex situations among agents where there are disagreements leading to a conflict situation, and there is a need for an acceptable set of agreements. Conflict situations also result due to different sets of view points about issues under negotiation. The solution to this problem stems from pioneering work on this subject by Zdzisaw Pawlak, which provides a basis for a complex conflict model encapsulating a decision system with complex decisions. Several approaches to the analysis of conflicts situations are presented in this paper, namely, conflict graphs, approximation spaces and risk patterns. An illustrative example of a requirements scope negotiation for an automated lighting system is presented. The contribution of this paper is a rough set-based requirements scope determination model and assessment mechanisms using a complex conflict model.
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Tom
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453--468
Opis fizyczny
bibliogr. 36 poz., tab.
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autor
autor
autor
- Dep.of Applid Computer Sc., University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3B 2E9 Canada, s.ramanna@uwinnipeg.ca
Bibliografia
- [1] J. J. Alpigini, J. F. Peters, A. Skowron, N. Zhong (eds.): Third International Conference on Rough Sets and Current Trends in Computing (RSCTC'2002). LNAI 2475, Springer, Heidelberg, 2002.
- [2] J. Bazan, A. Osmólski, A. Skowron, D. Ślęzak, M. Szczuka, J. Wróblewski : Rough Set Approach to the Survival Analysis. In: [1], 522-529.
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- [8] R. Deja, A. Skowron: On Some ConflictModels and Conflict Resolutions, Romanian Journal of Information Science and Technology 5(1-2) (2002) 69-82.
- [9] S. Easterbrook: Handling Conflict between Domain Descriptions with Computer-Supported Negotiation, Knowledge Acquisition: An International Journal, 3 (1991) 255-289.
- [10] A. Finkelstein, M. Goedicke, J. Kramer, C. Niskier,: Viewpoint Oriented Software Development: Methods and Viewpoints in Requirements Engineering. In: J. Bergstra, L. Feijs (Eds.), Methods for Formal Specification, LNCS 490, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1989, 29-54.
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- [14] D. Leffingwell, D. Widrig: Managing Software Requirements, Addision-Wesley, 2003. S. Ramanna et al. / Approaches to Conflict Dynamics 467
- [15] Z. Li and G. Ruhe: Uncertainty Handling in Tabular-Based Requirements Using Rough Sets, In: D. Ślęzak, J.T. Yao, J.F. Peters, W. Ziarko, X. Hu (Eds.), Rough Sets, Fuzzy Sets, Data Mining and Granular Computing, LNAI 3642, Springer, Berlin, 2005, 678-687.
- [16] Y. Maeda, K. Senoo, H. Tanaka: Interval Density Function in Conflict Analysis, LNAI 1711, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1999, 382-389.
- [17] A. Nakamura: Conflict Logic with Degrees. In: S. K. Pal, A. Skowron (Eds.), Rough Fuzzy Hybridization: A New Trend in Decision-Making, Springer-Verlag, 1999, 136-150.
- [18] Z. Pawlak: On Conflicts, Int. J. of Man-Machine Studies 21 (1984) 127-134.
- [19] Pawlak, Z.: On Conflicts (in Polish), Polish Scientific Publishers, Warsaw, 1987.
- [20] Z. Pawlak: Rough Sets - Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Data, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1991.
- [21] Pawlak, Z.: Anatomy of Conflict. Bulletin of the European Association for Theoretical Computer Science 50 (1993) 234-247.
- [22] Z. Pawlak: An Inquiry into Anatomy of Conflicts, Journal of Information Sciences 109 (1998) 65-78.
- [23] Z. Pawlak, A. Skowron: Rough Sets and Conflict Analysis. In: E-Service Intelligence - Methodologies, Technologies and Applications, Book series on Computational Intelligence, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2006 [to appear].
- [24] J. F. Peters, C. Henry: Reinforcement Learning with Approximation Spaces. Fundamenta Informaticae 71 (2006) 323-349.
- [25] J.F. Peters and S. Ramanna: Approximation Space for Software Models. In: J.F. Peters, A. Skowron (Eds.), Transactions on Rough Sets I, LNCS 3100, Springer, Heidelberg, 2004, 338-354.
- [26] J.F. Peters and S. Ramanna: Towards a Software Change Classification System: A Rough Set Approach. Software Quality Journal, 11 (2003) 121-147.
- [27] S. Ramanna, J.F. Peters, A. Skowron: Generalized Conflict and Resolution Model with Approximation Spaces. Proc. of RSCTC 2006, Kobe, Japan, November 2006, Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 4259, Springer, Heidelberg, 2006, 274-283.
- [28] S. Ramanna, J.F. Peters, A. Skowron: Analysis of Conflict Dynamics by Risk Patterns. In: H.-D. Burkhard, L. Czaja,W. Penczek, A. Salwicki, A. Skowron, Z. Suraj (Eds.), Proceedings of the 15th InternationalWorkshop on Concurrency, Specification, and Programming (CSP 2006), Wendlitz, Germany, 27-29 September, 2006, Informatik-Berichte 206, Humboldt Universität, Berlin, 2006, 469-479.
- [29] A. Skowron, S. Ramanna, J.F. Peters : Conflict Analysis and Information Systems: A Rough Set Approach. In: Wang, G., Peters, J.F., Skowron, A.. Yao, Y.Y (eds.): Proceedings of the International Conference on Rough Sets and Knowledge Technology (RSKT 2006), LNAI, Chongqing, China, July 24-26, 2006, LNCS 4062, Springer, Heidelberg, 2006, 233-240.
- [30] A. Skowron, P. Synak: Reasoning in Information Maps. Fundamenta Informaticae 59(2-3) (2004) 241-259.
- [31] A. Skowron, J. Stepaniuk: Generalized Approximation Spaces. In: Lin, T.Y., Wildberger, A.M.(eds.): Soft Computing. Simulation Councils, San Diego, 1995, 18-21; see also Tolerance Approximation Spaces, Fundamenta Informaticae 27(2-3) (1996) 245-253.
- [32] A. Skowron: Extracting Laws from Decision Tables. Computational Intelligence: An International Journal 11(2) (1995) 371-388.
- [33] A. Skowron, C. Rauszer: The Discernibility Matrices and Functions in Information Systems. In: Słowiński, R (ed.): Intelligent Decision Support - Handbook of Applications and Advances of the Rough Sets Theory, System Theory, Knowledge Engineering and Problem Solving 11, Kluwer, Dordrecht (1992) 331-362.
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- [35] D. Ślęzak: Approximate Entropy Reducts. Fundamenta Informaticae 53 (2002) 365-387.
- [36] The WINWIN Homepage at http://sunset.usc.edu/research/WINWIN
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Bibliografia
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