Ventilation of the Baltic Sea deep water : A brief review of present knowledge from observations and models

Meier, H. E. M.; Feistel, R.; Piechura, J.; Arneborg, L.; Burchard, H.; Fiekas, V.; Golenko, N.; Kuzmina, N.; Mohrholz, V.; Nohr, C.; Paka, V. T.; Sellschopp, J.; Stips, A.; Zhurbas, V.

Artykuł - szczegóły

Tytuł artykułu

Ventilation of the Baltic Sea deep water : A brief review of present knowledge from observations and models

Autorzy

Meier H. E. M. , Feistel R. , Piechura J. , Arneborg L. , Burchard H. , Fiekas V. , Golenko N. , Kuzmina N. , Mohrholz V. , Nohr C. , Paka V. T. , Sellschopp J. , Stips A. , Zhurbas V.

Wybrane pełne teksty z tego czasopisma

Identyfikatory

Warianty tytułu

Konferencja

The 5th Baltic Sea Science Congress, Sopot, 20-24 June 2005

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

The ventilation of the Baltic Sea deep water is driven by either gale-forced barotropic or baroclinic salt water inflows. During the past two decades, the frequency of large barotropic inflows (mainly in winter) has decreased and the frequency of medium-intensity baroclinic inflows (observed in summer) has increased. As a result of entrainment of ambient oxygen-rich water, summer inflows are also important for the deep water ventilation. Recent process studies of salt water plumes suggest that the entrainment rates are generally smaller than those predicted by earlier entrainment models. In addition to the entrance area, the Słupsk Sill and the Słupsk Furrow are important locations for the transformation of water masses. Passing the Słupsk Furrow, both gravity-driven dense bottom flows and sub-surface cyclonic eddies, which are eroded laterally by thermohaline intrusions, ventilate the deep water of the eastern Gotland Basin. A recent study of the energy transfer from barotropic to baroclinic wave motion using a two-dimensional shallow water model suggests that about 30% of the energy needed below the halocline for deep water mixing is explained by the breaking of internal waves. In the deep water decade-long stagnation periods with decreasing oxygen and increasing hydrogen sulphide concentrations might be caused by anomalously large freshwater inflows and anomalously high mean zonal wind speeds. In different studies the typical response time scale of average salinity was estimated to be between approximately 20 and 30 years. The review summarizes recent research results and ends with a list of open questions and recommendations.

Słowa kluczowe

Baltic Sea salt water inflows deep water ventilation entrainment turbulent mixing

Wydawca

Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Oceanology
Elsevier

Czasopismo

Oceanologia

Rocznik

2006

Tom

No. 48 (S)

Strony

133--164

Opis fizyczny

bibliogr. 128 poz. wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Meier H. E. M.

autor

Feistel R.

autor

Piechura J.

autor

Arneborg L.

autor

Burchard H.

autor

Fiekas V.

autor

Golenko N.

autor

Kuzmina N.

autor

Mohrholz V.

autor

Nohr C.

autor

Paka V. T.

autor

Sellschopp J.

autor

Stips A.

autor

Zhurbas V.

Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Rossby Centre, Folkborgsvägen 1, SE-60176 Norrköping, Sweden, markus.meier@smhi.se

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117. • Burchard H., Lass H.U., Mohrholz V., Umlauf L., Sellschopp J., Fiekas V., Bolding K., Arneborg L.: Dynamics of medium-intensity dense water plumes in the Arkona Basin (Oral)
118. Feistel R., Nausch G., Hagen E.: Unusual inflow activity 2002/2003 and varying deep-water properties (Oral)
119. Fiekas V., Arneborg L., Prandke H., Sellschopp J., Knoll M.: Finestructure and mixing during a salt water inflow into the wintry Arkona Sea (Oral)
120. Kuzmina N., Rudels B., Stipa T., Zhurbas V.: The structure and driving mechanisms of the Baltic intrusions (Poster)
121. Meier H.E.M., Döscher R., Broman B., Piechura J.: The major Baltic inflow in January 2003 and preconditioning by smaller inflows in summer/autumn 2002: a model study (Oral)
122. Mohrholz V.: On the contribution of small inflow events to the ventilation of the subhalocline layers of the Baltic (Poster)
123. Mohrholz V., Schuffenhauer I.: Climatological aspects of the exceptional Baltic summer inflows 2002/2003 (Poster)
124. Nohr C., Gustafsson B.G.: Wind-driven diapycnical mixing in the Baltic Sea deep-water (Oral)
125. Paka V.T., Golenko N. N.: Features of water exchange in vicinity of the Słupsk Sill and adjoining areas - field experiment (Oral)
126. Sellschopp J., Fiekas V., Knoll M., Gerdes F., Arneborg L., Lass U., Mohrholz V., Burchard H., Umlauf L.: Repeated observations during an inflow event into the Arkona Sea (Oral)
127. Stips A., Feistel R., Bolding K., Burchard H.: Can we trace salt water inflows into the Gotland Deep with the 3D hydrodynamical model GETM? (Oral)
128. Zhurbas V., Stipa T., Paka V. T., Golenko N.N.: Observations and numerical modeling of subsurface cyclonic eddies in the Baltic Sea (Oral)

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