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Abstrakty
The debate on the climatic impact of Arctic change is currently focused on the fate of the perennial sea-ice and the climatic and social effects of its disappearance. Developments in our observing techniques mean that we are in prospect of being technically able to describe the ocean-atmosphere-cryosphere system of high northern latitudes operating as a complete system for the first time. Understanding this system and improving its predictability in models seems to be our most direct way of extending the ability of society to mitigate for or adapt to its changes, including global change. The integrated Arctic Ocean Observing System (iAOOS), described here, is a means of piecing together the available PIs, gear, ships and funding on the pan-Arctic scale that seems necessary to making the attempt, and the International Polar Year (2007-2009) provides the necessary stimulus for doing so.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
5--21
Opis fizyczny
bibliogr. 19 poz. wykr.
Twórcy
autor
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science Lowestoft NR33 0HT, UK, vlhphuoc@iopan.gda.pl
Bibliografia
- Comiso J.C., 2002, A rapidly declining Arctic perennial ice cover, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29 (20), 1956, doi: 10.1029/2002GL015650.
- Hansen B., Osterhus S., 2000, North Atlantic-Nordic Seas exchanges, Prog. Oceanogr., 45 (2), 109-208.
- Jonsson S., Valdimarsson H., 2004, A new path for the Denmark Strait overflow water from the Iceland Sea to the Denmark Strait, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31 (3), LO3305, doi: 10.1029/2003GL019214.
- Laxon S., Peacock N., Smith D., 2003, High interannual variability of sea ice thickness in the Arctic region, Nature, 425 (6961), 947-950.
- Mauritzen C., 1996, Production of dense overflow waters feeding the North Atlantic across the Greenland-Scotland Ridge. Part 1: Evidence for a revised circulation scheme, Deep Sea Res. Pt I, 43 (6), 769-806.
- Midttun L., 1985, Formation of dense bottom water in the Barents Sea, Deep Sea Res., 32, 1233-1241.
- Morison J., Steele M., Andersen R., 1998, Hydrography of the upper Arctic Ocean measured from the nuclear submarine USS Pargo, Deep Sea Res. Pt I, 45 (1), 15-38.
- Orvik K.A., Skagseth O., 2003, The impact of the wind stress curl in the North Atlantic on the Atlantic inflow to the Norwegian Sea toward the Arctic, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30 (17), 1884, doi: 10.1029/2003GL017932.
- Peacock N. R., Laxon S.W., 2004, Sea surface height determination in the Arctic Ocean from ERS altimetry, J. Geophys. Res., 109 (C7), C07001, doi: 10.1029/2001JC001026.
- Polyakov I. V., Alekseev G. V., Timokhov L.A., Bhatt U. S., Colony R. L., Simmons H. L., Walsh D., Walsh J. E., Zakharov V. F., 2004, Variability of the intermediate Atlantic water of the Arctic Ocean over the last 100 years, J. Climate, 17 (23), 4485-4497.
- Polyakov I., Beszczyńska A., Carmack E.˙,C., Dmitrenko I.A., Fahrbach E., Frolov I.E., Gerdes R., Hansen E., Holfort J., Ivanov V. I., Johnson M. A., Karcher M., Kauker F., Morison J., Orvick A. K., Schauer U., Simmons L.H., Skagseth O., Sokolov T.V., Steele M., Timokhov L.A., Walsh D., Walsh J. E., 2005, One more step toward a warmer Arctic, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32 (17), L17605, doi: 101029/2005GL023740.
- Quadfasel D., Sy A., Wells D., Tunik A., 1991, Warming in the Arctic, Nature, 350 (6317), 385-386.
- Rothrock D.A., Zhang J., Yu Y., 2003, The arctic ice thickness anomaly of the 1990s: A consistent view from observations and models, J. Geophys. Res., 108 (C3), 3083, doi: 10.1029/2001JC001208.
- Rudels B., Fahrbach E., Meincke J., Budeus G., Erikssson P., 2002, The East Greenland Current and its contribution to the Denmark Strait overflow, ICES J. Mar. Sci., 59 (6), 1133-1154.
- Serreze M. C., Maslanik J.A., Scambos T.A., Fetterer F., Stroeve J., Knowles K., Fowler C., Drobot S., Barry R.G., Haran, T.M., 2003, A record minimum in arctic sea ice extent and area in 2002, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30 (3), 1110, doi: 10.1029/2002GL016406.
- Skogseth R., Fer I., Haugan P.M., 2005, Dense-water production and outflow from an Arctic coastal polynya in Storfjorden, [in:] The Nordic Seas: An integrated perspective, H. Drange, T. Dokken, T. Furevik, R. Gerdes & W. Berger (eds.), Geophys. Monogr. Ser. No 158, AGU, Washington, DC, 370 pp.
- Steele M., Thomas D., Rothrock D., Martin S., 1996, A simple model study of the Arctic freshwater balance, 1979-1985, J. Geophys. Res., 101 (C9), 20833 -20848.
- Steele M., Morison J., Ermold W., Rigor I., Ortmeyer M., Shimada K., 2004, Circulation of summer Pacific halocline water in the Arctic Ocean, J.Geophys. Res., 109 (C2), C02027, doi: 10.1029/2003JC002009.
- Widell K., Osterhus S., Gammelsrod T., 2003, Sea ice velocity in the Fram Strait monitored by moored instruments, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30 (19), 1982, doi: 10.1029/2003GL018119.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BUS5-0003-0007