Nanostrukturalne materiały wybuchowe : otrzymywanie i właściwości

• Autorzy: Cudziło S. , Kiciński W.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Nanostructured explosives : preparation and properties

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

Nanostructured energetic materials (nanoems) are compositions of a fuel and an oxidizer that are homogenous at a nanometric scale. They are prepared in three basic forms: (i) as thin multilayered foils consisting of alternating layers of oxidizer and fuel, (ii) mixtures of fuel and oxidizer nanoparticles, and (iii) mixtures obtai-ned via sol-gel synthesis. Thin foils are nanoscaled only in one dimension. in such composites, there are large, regular planar interfaces between fuel and oxidizer layers which thickness is below 100 nm. The composites are characterized by a very close physical contact of reactants and a lack of impurities between them as they are usually obtained by vacuum deposition of the components. The second kind of nanoems are mixtures prepared by powder mixing of nanometer sized particles of oxidizer and fuel. components are previously produced via chemical or physical processing and then mixed in an appropriate solvent. being consisted of the same components as conventional thermites (metal powders - usually al, and metal oxides - usually Fe2O3), this nanocomposites are known as "superthermites". In contrast to the conventional thermites, supertermites are very sensitive to ignition and they may burn at a velocity of 1 km/s or even more. Synthesis of nanoems using sol-gel chemistry is a solution phase synthetic route. Its benefits include the convenience of low-temperature preparation using general and inexpensive laboratory equipment. The nanoparticles of both oxidizer and fuel precipitate from a colloidal solution (sol). This means that nanocomposites are formed by simultaneous condensation and/or crystallization of dissolved molecular precursors, i.e. by growth of particles and not by their size reduction. The obtained gels (organic and/or inorganic substances) are dried either by controlled evaporation of solvent, by freeze-drying or by supercritical extraction. The size of the particles (homogeneity of the composition) can be varied by changing synthesis and drying conditions. keywords: energetic materials, nanostructures, sol-gel synthesis.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

materiały wysokoenergetycczne; materiały wybuchowe; nanostruktura; synteza zol-żel

EN

energetic materials; nanostructures; sol-gel synthesis

• Wydawca: Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
• Czasopismo: Wiadomości Chemiczne
• Rocznik: 2007
• Tom: [Z] 61, 3-4
• Strony: 189--229
• Opis fizyczny: bibliogr. 49 poz., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Cudziło S.

autor

Kiciński W.

• Instytut Chemii, Wydział Nowych Technologii i Chemii, Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna, ul. S. Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warszawa

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