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1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (DADNE), a new high energetic and low sensitive explosive
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
The search for new molecules that combine possibly high performance and simultaneously low sensitivity is one of the directions of development of explosives. In 1998, 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (DADNE) was synthesized by N. Latypov et al. using destructive nitration of heterocyclic compounds containing the structural element of acetamidine. Soon it turned out that this comparatively simple structure, which can be synthesized without difficulties, possesses very favorable functional qualities as an explosive. The structure of DADNE molecule is conducive to creation of inter- and intramolecular hydrogen bonds, and this makes DADNE a very stable (activation energy of 243 kJ/mole), thermally resistant (decomposition above 200oC) and dense substance (1.787 g/cm3). DADNE has favorable oxygen balance and on decomposition the molecule can produce entirely gaseous products (CO, H2O, N2) in the amount of ca. 900 cm3/g. Consequently the performance of DADNE almost equals to the common high explosive RDX (1,3,5-triaza-1,3,5-trinitrocyclohexane), but its sensitivity is comparable with that of TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene). Other advantages of DADNE include excellent compatibility with typical components of explosive formulations and propellants as well as ability to be pressed into mechanically resistant pellets without any additives. The already known properties of DADNE indicate that it can be used on its own or in formulations as a high explosive or propellant component.
Wydawca
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
763--791
Opis fizyczny
wykr., bibliogr. 30 poz.
Twórcy
autor
autor
- Instytut Chemii, Wydział Nowych Technologii i Chemii Wojskowej Akademii Technicznej 00-908 Warszawa, ul. Gen. S. Kaliskiego 2
Bibliografia
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- [2] N. Latypov, A. Langlet, U. Wellmar, Chemical compound suitable for use as an explosive, intermediate and method for preparing the compound, US Patent 6 312 538 B1, Nov. 6, 2001.
- [3] H. Ostmark, H. Bergman, U. Bemm, P. Goede, E. Holmgren, M. Johansson, A. Langlet, N. Latypov, A. Pettersson, M-L Pettersson, N. Wingborg, C. Vorde, H. Stenmark, L. Karlsson, M. Hihkio, 2,2-Dinitro-ethene-1,1-diamine (FOX-7) . properties, analysis and scale-up, 32nd International Annual Conference of ICT, Karlsruhe, Germany, 2001.
- [4] A.A. Astratiev,A. Dashko, D. Mershin, A. Stepanov,A. Urazgildiev, Russian J. Org. Chem., 2001, 37, 729.
- [5] E. Holmgren, H. Carlsson, P. Goede, N. Latypov, C. Crescenzi, Characterization of FOX-7, its precursors and possible byproducts, 34th International Annual Conference of ICT, Karlsruhe, Germany, 24.27.06.2003.
- [6] B. Janzon, H. Bergman, C. Eldsater, C. Lamnevik, H. Ostmark, FOX-7 . a novel, high performance, low-vulnerability high explosive for warhead applications, 20th International Symposium on Ballistics, Orlando, FL, USA, 23.27.09.2003.
- [7] Y.N. Matyushin, G.T. Afanasev, V.P. Lebedev, M.N. Mahov, V.I. Pepekin, TATB and FOX-7: thermochemistry, performance, detonability, sensitivity, 34th International Annual Conference of ICT, Karlsruhe, Germany, 24.27.06.2003.
- [8] R.Wild, U. Teipel, Characterization and explosive properties of FOX-7, 35th International Annual Conference of ICT, Karlsruhe, Germany, 2004.
- [9] U. Bemm, H. Ostmark, 1,1-Diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene . a novel energetic material with infinite layers in two dimensions, Acta Cryst., 1998, C54, 1997.
- [10] I. Fuhr, U. Teipel, J. Ulrich, Molecular simulation of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7), 35th International Annual Conference of ICT, Karlsruhe, Germany, 2004.
- [11] P.B. Kempa, M. Herrmann, F.J. Molina Metzger, V. Thome, A. Kjellstrom, N. Latypov, Phase transitions of FOX-7 studied by X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis, 35th International Annual Conference of ICT, Karlsruhe, Germany, 2004.
- [12] N.V. Garmasheva, I.V. Chemagina, V.P. Filin, M.B. Kazakova, B.G. Loboiko, Investigation of diaminodinitroethylene, New Trends in Research of Energetic Materials, Pardubice, Czech Republic, 116.122, 2004.
- [13] N.V. Garmasheva, I.V. Chemagina, V.P. Filin, M.B. Kazakova, Y.A. Shakhtorin, N.P. Taybinov, V.M. Lagutina, B.G. Loboiko, Research of thermal decomposition of dianminodinitroethylene (FOX-7), 36th International Annual Conference of ICT, Karlsruhe, Germany, 2005.
- [14] U. Teipel, I. Fuhr, K. Hartlieb, A. Kjellstrom, C. Eldsater, Crystallization of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7), 35th International Annual Conference of ICT, Karlsruhe, Germany, 2004.
- [15] S. Cudziło, Z. Chyłek, R. Diduszko, Crystallization and characterization of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (DADNE), 36th International Annual Conference of ICT, Karlsruhe, Germany, 2005.
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- [17] L.P. Ferris, A.R. Ronzio, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1940, 62, 606.
- [18] K.H. Chung, E.M. Goh, J.R. Cho, Synthetic modification and scale-up process for 1,1-diamino--2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7), 36th International Annual Conference of ICT, Karlsruhe, Germany, 2005.
- [19] E. Holmgren, P. Goede, N. Latypov, Porous Graphitc Carbon (PGC) . A Convenient Column Packing Materials for HPLC Analysis of FOX-7, 32nd International Annual Conference of ICT, Karlsruhe, Germany, 2001.
- [20] J. Bądek, S. Cudziło, S. Pietrzyk, Z. Chyłek, Biul.WAT (w druku), 2006.
- [21] U. Ticmanis, M. Kaiser, G. Pantel, I. Fuhr, U. Teipel, Kinetics and chemistry of thermal decomposition of FOX-7, 35th International Annual Conference of ICT, Karlsruhe, Germany, 2004.
- [22] C. Sandberg, N. Latypov, P. Goede, R. Tryman, A.J. Bellamy, Acid-base characteristic of FOX-7 and its mono-hydrazo analogue, New Trends in Research of Energetic Materials, Pardubice, Czech Republic, 2002.
- [23] G. Herve, G. Jacob, N. Latypov, Tetrahedron, 2005, 61, 6743.
- [24] A.J. Bellamy, P. Goede, C. Sandberg, N.V. Latypov, Substitution reactions of 1,1-dinitro-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7), 33rd International Annual Conference of ICT, Karlsruhe, Germany, 2002.
- [25] H. Ostmark, A. Langlet, H. Bergman, N.Wingborg, U.Wellmar, U. Bemm, FOX-7 . A new explosive with low sensitivity and high performance, 11th International Symposium on Detonation, Snowmass, CO, USA, 31.08-04.09.1998.
- [26] A. Gindulyte, L. Massa, L. Huang, J. Karle, J. Phys. Chem., 1999, A 103, 11045.
- [27] A.K. Burnham, R.K.Weese, R.Wang, Q.S.M. Kwok, D.E.G. Jones, Thermal Properies of FOX-7, 36th International Annual Conference of ICT, Karlsruhe, Germany, 2005.
- [28] A. Kretschmer, P. Gerber, A. Happ, Characterisation of plastic bonded explosive charges containing FOX-7, 35th International Annual Conference of ICT, Karlsruhe, Germany, 2004.
- [29] C. Eldsäter, H. Edvinsson, M. Johansson, A. Pettersson, C. Sandberd, Formulation of PBX.s based on 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7), 33rd International Annual Conference of ICT, Karlsruhe, Germany, 2002.
- [30] C. Eldsäter, N. Roman, Development of compositions based on 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7), 8th International Seminar Euro Pyro, Saint Malo, France, 2003.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BUS2-0014-0039