Molekularne bramki logiczne

Szaciłowski, K.

Artykuł - szczegóły

Tytuł artykułu

Molekularne bramki logiczne

Autorzy

Szaciłowski K.

Wybrane pełne teksty z tego czasopisma

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Warianty tytułu

The molecular logic gates

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

Rapid development of different electronic devices was initiated by the discovery of semiconductor-based switch - a transistor in 1948 by J. Bardeen, W.H. Brattain and W.B. Shockley. All electronic devices are based on semiconductor components ever since. Growing demand for bigger memorics and faster processors requires smaller and smaller transistors and other componcnts. Soon the integration scale of elcctronic components will reach the physical limits and further speeding up will not be possible. The only solution of the crisis is application of single molecules and molecular systems for data acquisition, storage, transfer and processing. There are numerous chemical systems capable of performing logical operations, some of them have already found practical applications. Carbon nanotubes, semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots), organic polymers and other supramolecular assemblies can be a basis for construction of chemical switches and logic gates. These devices, however, are chemical versions of traditional semiconductor devices, as the operational principles are imported directly from solid state electronics. This paper deals with several different approaches towards chemical computing. A large variety of other chemical systems can be used for computing purposes. Some of them are extremely complex (like Aviram-Ratner type devices) and require advanced organic syntheses, other are very simple, like organic dyes and simple transition metal cornplexes. Despite substantial difference in chemical structure, the reactivity of these systems can be described using common language: the Boolean logic. Any chemical system, which exists in at least two different forms of different optical or electrochemical properties and can be switched with some chemical or physical stimuli (light, redox potential, pH, specific substrate) can be treated as a molecular switch. If the logic structure of the switch is more complex (i.c. there are several different states or several switching stimuli) the system forms a logic gate. The principles of operation of chemical logic gates are identical with those of clectronic logic gates. The input and output signals may have only two values: 0 (OFF, FALSE) or 1 (ON, TRUE). Output signal is a Boolean function of input signals. The basic logic gates are: YES, NOT, OR, NOR, AND, NAND, EX-OR and EX-NOR. Even the simplest molecular system can exhibit complex logic behaviour, it depends mostly on specific chemical reactivity of the system, proper assignment of the input and output parametcrs and imagination of the experimenter. Some systems are complex enough to emulate not only single gates, but also much larger computing circuits of multilayer parallel architecture. At the same time these systems are closely related to quantum computers: they can be considered as supetposition of different logic gates. Although many of these systems are very impractical, they are guidelines leading to new powerful technologies.

Słowa kluczowe

bramki molekularne bramka logiczna chemiczna chemosensor

molecular gates chemical logic gate chemosensory

Wydawca

Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne

Czasopismo

Wiadomości Chemiczne

Rocznik

2004

Tom

[Z] 58, 1-2

Strony

11--45

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 125 poz., schem.

Twórcy

autor

Szaciłowski K.

Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, ul. Ingardena 3, 30-060 Kraków

Bibliografia

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