Badania możliwości zastosowania kwasu 2,6-pirydynodikarboksylowego (PDCA) jako czynnika kompleksującego w analizie chromu

• Autorzy: Michalski R.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Investigation of utilization of PDCA as a complexing agent in chromium analysis

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

Chrom występuje głównie na dwóch stopniach utlenienia. Zróżnicowana toksyczność i bioprzyswajalność związków Cr(III) i Cr(VI) są przedmiotem publicznego zainteresowania i wymagają dokładnych kontroli. Metody ASA/ICP są tzw. metodami różnicowymi i nie pozwalają na jednoczesne oznaczanie chromu(III) i (VI). Konieczność bardziej dokładnych i szybszych metod analizy próbek środowiskowych doprowadziła do zainteresowania się techniką chromatografii jonowej jako alternatywy do mokrych metod analizy chromu. Konwencjonalna HPLC, metody fotometryczne czy atomowa spektrometria absorbcyjna są bardziej podatne na interferencje niż chromatografia jonowa, która może być stosowana w szerokim zakresie analiz specjacyjnych. Współcześnie chemicy analitycy poszukują alternatywnych metod oznaczania Cr(III) i Cr(VI), które byłyby szybsze, bardziej czułe i tańsze w porównaniu do metod spektroskopowych i nie byłyby tak podatne na wpływy czynników przeszkadzających. Niniejsza praca opisuje badania zastosowania PDCA jako czynnika kompleksującego jony Cr(III) i jego zastosowanie do jednoczesnego oznaczania Cr(III) i Cr(VI) w wodach za pomocą chromatografii jonowej z detekcją UV.

EN

Chromium exists primarily in two oxidation states. The different toxicities and bioavailabilities of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) are public health concern and therefore require strict control. Some AAS/ICP methods work according to the so-called difference method and they do not allow the simultaneous determination of chromium(III) and (VI). The need of more accurate and rapid analysis of environmental samples has led to investigation of ion chromatography as an alternative to wet chemical chromium analyses. Conventional HPLC, photometric methods and atomic absorption spectroscopy analyse are less interference free than ion chromatography which has been used in a wide variety of chemical species. At present analytical chemists focus on alternative Cr(III)+Cr(VI) methods which will be faster, more sensitive and cheaper than spectroscopic methods and which will allow to exclude many matrix interferences. This paper describes investigations of application of PDCA as a complexing agent of Cr(III) ions and its using in simultaneous determination of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) in water by means of ion chromatography with UV detector.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

chrom; kwas 2,6-pirydynodikarboksylowy; PDCA; chromatografia jonowa

EN

chromium; PDCA; ion chromatography

• Wydawca: Institute of Environmental Engineering, Polish Academy of Sciences
• Czasopismo: Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska
• Rocznik: 2003
• Tom: Vol. 29, no. 3
• Strony: 39--49
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 57 poz., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Michalski R.

• Instytut Podstaw Inżynierii Środowiska PAN, ul. M.Skłodowskiej-Curie 34, 41-819 Zabrze

Bibliografia

• [1] Adria-Cerezo D.M., M. Llobat-Estelles, A R. Mauri-Aucejo: Preconcentratiun and Speciation of Chromium in Waters using Solid-phase Extraction and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Talanta, 51,531-536 (2000).
• [2] Annual Book of ASTM Standards: Chromium-Total D 1686 - 87. Vol. 11.02., American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA. USA 1990.
• [3] Barabasz W., M.J. Chmiel, A. Galus, I. Pasmionka: Ekotoksykologia Chromu, Chemia i Inżynieria Ekologiczna, 5/7-8, 665-684 (1998).
• [4] Вaranowski C., N. Jakubowski, D. Stuewer, J.A.C. Broekaert: Speciation of Chromium by Direct Coupling of Ion Exchange Chromatography with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, J. Anal. Atom. Spect., 12, 1155-1161 (1997).
• [5] Barlett R.J., J.M. Kimble: Behavior of Chromium in Soils: I Trivalent Form, J. Environ. Qual., 5, 379-382(1976).
• [6] Barlett R.J., J.M. Kimble: Behavior of Chromium in Soils: II Hexavalent Form, J. Environ. Qual., 5, 386-392 (1976).
• [7] Batley G.E., J.P. Matousek: Determination of Chromium Speciation in Natural Waters by Elektrodeposition on Graphite Tubes for Electrothermal Atomization, Anal. Chem., 52, 1570-1574 (1980).
• [8] Bittner M., J. A. С. Вгоekaert: Speciation of Chromium by Solid-phase Extraction Coupled to Reversed-phase Liquid Chromatography with UV Detection, Anal. Chim. Acta, 364/1-3, 31-40 (1998).
• [9] Cotton F.A., G. Wilkinson: Chromium [in]: Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, a Comprehensive Text, 4th Edition, John Wiley, New York, 719-736 (1980).
• [10] Chen W-H., S-Y. Lin, Ch-Y. Liu: Capillary Electrochromatographic Separation of Metal Ion Species with on-line Detection by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, Anal. Chim. Acta, 410, 25-35 (2000).
• [11] Chen Z., R. Naidu, A. Subramanian: Separation of Chromium (III) and Chromium (VI) by Capillary Electrophoresis using 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic Acid as a Pre-column Complexation Agent, J. Chromatogr., 927, 219-227 (2001).
• [12] Das A.K., M. Guardia, M.L., Cervera: Literature Survey of on-line Elemental Speciation in Aqueous Solutions (Review), Talanta, 55, 1-28 (2001).
• [13] Dionex, Technical Note 24: Determination of Chromium by Ion Chromatography, Dionex, USA 1991.
• [14] Dionex Application Note 80: Determination of Dissolved Hexavalent Chromium in Drinking Water, Groundwater and Industrial Wastewater Effluents by Ion Chromatography, Dionex, USA 1992.
• [15] Dionex, CD-ROM, Manuals & Applications & Literature, Dionex, USA 2002.
• [16] Ellis L.A., D.J. Roberts: Chromatographic and Hyphenated Methods for Elemental Speciation Analysis in Environmental Media, J. Chromatogr., 774, 3-19 (1997).
• [17] Haddad P.R., P. Doble, М. Macka: Developments in Sample Preparation and Separation Techniques for the Determination of Inorganic Ions by Ion Chromatography and Capillary Electrophoresis (Review), J. Chromatogr., 856/1-2, 145-177 (1999).
• [18] Hawthorne S.B., Grabanski C.B., E. Martin, D. J. Miller: Comparisons of Soxhlet Extraction, Pressurized Liquid Extraction, Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Subcritical Water Extraction for Environmental Solids: Recovery, Selectivity and Effects on Sample Matrix, J. Chromatogr., 892/1-2,421-433 (2000).
• [19] Heberling S.S., D. Campbell, S. Carson: Analysis of Chromium Plating Solutions and Waste- waters by Ion Chromatography, Plating and Surface Finishing, 11, 58-65 (1990).
• [20] Hirata S., K. Honda, O. Shikino, N. Maekawa, M. Aihara: Determination of Chromium (III) and Total Chromium in Seawter by on-line Column Preconcentration Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, Spectrochim. Acta B, 55, 1089-1099 (2000).
• [21] Hulanicki A.: Specjacja w wodach i osadach dennych - tematyka zbieżna czy rozbieżna [w]: Siepak J. Analiza specjacyjna metali, Publishing House of Poznań University, Poznań 1998, 7-19.
• [22] IARC, Monographs on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk to Human, 40, WHO, Geneva 1990.
• [23] ISO 1233: Water quality - Determination of Chromium. Atomic Absorption Spectrometric Methods, 1996.
• [24] Johnson C.A.: Rapid Ion-exchange Techniques for the Separation and Preconcentration of Chromium (VI) and Chromium (III) in Fresh Water, Anal. Chim. Acta, 238, 273-278 (1990).
• [25] Kota J., Z. Stasicka: Chromium Occurrence in the Environment and Methods of its Speciation, Environ. Poll., 107/3, 263-283 (2000).
• [26] Kryteria Zdrowotne Środowiska, „Chrom”, Tom 61, IMP, Łódź 1992.
• [27] Lajunen L.H.J., E. Ejiarvi, T. Kenakkala: Determination of Cobalt, Chromium and Vanadium as 8-hydroxyquinoline Complexes by High-performance Liquid Chromatography, Analyst, 109, 699-701 (1984).
• [28] Langard S., T. Norseth: [in]: Friberg L., G.F. Nordberg, V.B. Vouk, (Editors), Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals, Vol. II, Specific Metals, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1990, 185-210.
• [29] Lien G., О. Yang, J-F. Sen: Simultaneous Preconcentration of Chromium (III) and Chromium (VI) Prior to Speciation Analysis, Anal. Chim. Acta, 279, 329-334 (1993).
• [30] Lovlett R.J., F. Lee: Analysis of Chromium in Natural Waters by Gas Chromatography, Environ. Sci. Technol., 10, 67-71 (1976).
• [31] Lynch T.P., N.J. Kernoghan, J.N. Wilson: Speciation of Metals in Solution by Flow Injection Analysis, Part 1: Sequential Spectrophotometric and Atomic Absorption Detectors, Analyst, 109, 839-843 (1983).
• [32] Maheswari V., N. Balasubramanian: Chemical Amplification Method for the Determination of Chromium at Trace levels, Analusius, 25, 2-6 (1997).
• [33] Marques M.J., A. Salvador, A.E. Morales-Rubio, M. De la Guardia: Analytical Methodologies for Chromium Speciation in Solid Matrices; A Survey of Literature, Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 362, 239-248 (1998).
• [34] Michalski R.: Oznaczanie chromu(VI) w wodach na poziomie śladów techniką chromatografii jonowej, Arch. Ochr. Środ., 29/1, 127-133 (2003).
• [35] Nieboer E., A.A. Jusys: Biologie Chemistry of Chromium [in] Nriagu J.O., E. Nieboer: Chromium in Natural and Human Environments, Wiley Interscience, New York 1988, 21-81.
• [36] Nriagu J.O., E. Nioboer: Chromium in Natural and Human Environments, Wiley Interscience, New York 1988.
• [37] Olesik J.W., J.A. Kinzer, S.V. Olesik: Capillary Electrophoresis-inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrometry for Rapid Elemental Speciation, Anal. Chem., 67, 1-12 (1995).
• [38] Pacakova V., K. Stulik: Capillary Electrophoresis of Inorganic Anions and its Comparison with Ion Chromatography, J. Chromatogr., 789/1-2, 169-180 (1997).
• [39] Padarauskas A.V., A. Judzentiene, E. Naujalis, V. Paliulionyte: On-line Preconcentration and Determination of Chromium (VI) in Waters by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography using Precolumn Complexation with 1,5-Diphenylcarbazide, J. Chromatogr., 808, 193-199(1998).
• [40] Paleologos E.K., S.I. Lafis, S.M. Karayanni, M.I. Karayanni: Speciation Analysis of Cr(IIl)-Cr(Vl) Using Flow Injection Analysis with Fluorimetric Detection, Analyst, 123, 1005-1009 (1998).
• [41] Pantsar-Kallio M., P. K.G. Manninen: Simultaneous Determination of Toxic Arsenic and Chromium Species in Water Samples by Ion Chromatography-inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, J. Chromatogr., 779/1-2, 139—146 (1997).
• [42] Pantsar-Kallio M., M. K. G. Manninen: Speciation of Chromium in Waste Waters by Coupled Column Ion Chromatography-inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, J. Chromatogr., 750/1-2, 89-95 (1996).
• [43] PN 1233: Jakość wody. Oznaczanie chromu. Metody absorpcyjnej spektrometrii atomowej 2001.
• [44] PN-87/C-04570/09: Woda i ścieki. Badania zawartości metali metodą absorpcyjnej spektrometrii atomowej. Oznaczanie chrome (VI) i (III) 1987.
• [45] Poboży E., E. Wojasińska, M. Trojanowicz: Ion Chromatographie Separation of Chromium with Diphenylcarbazide-based Spectrophotometric Detection, J. Chromatogr., 736, 141-150 (1996).
• [46] Rao V.M., M.N. Sastri: Solvent Extraction of Chromium; A Review, Talanta, 27, 771-777 (1980).
• [47] Ruz J., A. Rios, M.D. de Castro, M. Valcarcel: Flow-injection Configurations for Chromium Speciation with a Single Spectrophotometric Detector, Anal. Chim. Acta, 186, 139-146 (1986).
• [48] Sarzanini C., M.C. Bruzzoniti: Metal Species Determination by Ion Chromatography, Trends in Anal. Chem., 20/6-7, 304-310 (2001).
• [49] Sikovec M., M. Novic, V. Hudnik, M. Franko: On-line Thermal Lens Spectrometric Detection of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) after Separation by Ion Chromatography, 3. Chromatogr., 706/1-2, 121-126(1995).
• [50] Sirinwain W., S. Westerlund: Analysis and Storage of Sample for Chromium Determination in Seawater, Anal. Chim. Acta, 356, 35-40 (1997).
• [51] Timerbaev A.R., О.P. Semenova, W. Buchberger, G.K. Bonn: Speciation Studies by Capillary Electrophoresis - Simultaneous Determination of Chromium (III) and Chromium (VI), Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 354, 414-419 (1996).
• [52] Ueda J., H. Satoh, S. Kagaya: Determination of Chromium (III) and Chromium (VI) by Graphite-furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy after Coprecipitation with Hafnium Hydroxide, Anal. Sci., 13,613-617(1997).
• [53] U.S. EPA Method 218.6: Determination of Dissolved Hexavalent Chromium by Ion Chromatography with Postcolunm Reaction, Methrom-Peak, Inc., Houston, Texas, October 29, 2001.
• [54] Williams W.J.: Oznaczanie anionów, Warszawa, PWN 1985.
• [55] Van Loon J.C., R.R. Barefoot: Overview of Analytical Methods for Environmental Speciation, Analyst, 117, 577-581 (1992).
• [56] Vasconcelos M.T., C. A. R. Gomes: Limitations of Ion Chromatography with Post-column Reaction for Determination of Heavy Metals in Waters Containing Strong Chelating Agents, J. Chromatogr., 696/2, 227-234 (1995).
• [57] Vercoutere K., R. Cornelis, S. Dyg, L. Mess, J.M. Christensen, K. Byrialsen, B. Aaen, P. Quevauviller: Cr(III) and Cr(VI) Speciation Measurement in Environmental Reference Materials, Microchim. Acta, 123, 109-117 (1996).