Kompleksy diwodorowe metali grup przejściowych. Cz.2 Reaktywność i własności katalityczne

• Autorzy: Borkowski A.F.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Dihydrogen complexes of the transition group metals. Pt. 2 Reactivity and catalytic properties

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

The second part of the paper presents the reactivity of dihydrogen complexes beginning with the ability of the coordinated H2 ligand to undergo heterolytic splitting (i.e. their acidic properties). Generally, the low energy of the M-(n2-H2) bond in dihydrogen complexes results in a facile loss of the H2 ligand and is usually accompanied by substitution, substitution followed by an intramolecular reaction, ligand exchange, or elimination followed by dimerization. Dihydrogen complexes (most often Ir, Os, Ru) show catalytic activities in isotope H/D exchange reactions in the homogeneous hydrogenation of alkene, alkynes, arenes, ketones, in alkene silyation as well as in hydrogen transfer reactions between solvent (usually an alcohol) and an unsaturated substrate. In the presence of a dihydrogen acceptor (e.g. t-Bu-CH=CH2) dihydrogen complexes are involved in the stoichiometric dehydrogenationsof alkanes to alkenes. Only one example of a molecular hydrogen complex reducing nitrogen or sulfur containing heteroaromatic rings has been reported. Molecular hydrogen complexes may undergo different reactions depending on their role in the catalytic cycle. Under hydrogenation conditions dihydrogen ligand can be easily substituted by unsaturated organic molecules. In this way H2 molecule stabilizes unsaturated catalysts without bothering the coordination of the substrate . Some dihydrogen complexes are regarded as intermediates for the homolytic activation of dihydrogen . In other complexes the H2 molecule acts as a reagent capable of hydrogenating substrate via an intramolecular acid/base reaction. Similarly, the heterolytic splitting of H2 ligand in [Ru(OEP)(thf)2(H2)] by the strong base (KOH) or in [Ir(bq)H(H2)(PPh3)2]+ by an alkohol promote the H/D isotopic exchange reactions. The proposed mechanisms for the hydrogenation of alkenes (alkynes) catalysed by dihydrogen complexes are typical for the catalytic cycles of many other homogeneous hydrogenation processes. These include formation of a vacant coordination site (usually by loss of a H2 molecule, but also by dissociation of one of the 'arms' of the phosphine ligand followed by coordination of a substrate, its insertion into a M-H bond, hydrogenolysis of an alkyl (allyl) moiety followed by product elimination.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

cząsteczka wodoru; kompleks diwodorowy; reakcja katalityczna; reaktywność

• Wydawca: Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
• Czasopismo: Wiadomości Chemiczne
• Rocznik: 1999
• Tom: [Z] 53, 3-4
• Strony: 191--217
• Opis fizyczny: wykr., bibliogr. 89 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Borkowski A.F.

• Zakład Karbochemii Polskiej Akademii Nauk, ul. Sowińskiego 5, 44-121 Gliwice

• Zakład Karbochemii Polskiej Akademii Nauk, ul. Sowińskiego 5, 44-121 Gliwice

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