Współczesny przemysł chemiczny w świetle wymagań ochrony środowiska naturalnego

• Autorzy: Burczyk Bogdan

Warianty tytułu

EN

The chemical industry of today in the light of environmental protection requirements

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

The consumption of manufactured chemical (product) has a manifold effect on resources and the environment. The chemical industry undertakes many activities to meet the requirements of environmental protection. Two environmental management techniques, i.e. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) [10] and Risk Assessment [13-15] are described and discussed in this paper. LCA studies the environmental aspects and potential impacts throughout the product's life from raw material acquisition through production, use, and disposal. Risk assessment is a formalized analysis of the adverse impact of some specific material, chemical, or procedure on humans and/or the environment. Examples of life cycle inventory (LCI which is part LCA) for detergent alcohols production [12] and risk assessment for detergent surfactants use [21] are given. Finally, some new types of chemodegradable surfactants are described. This term has been used since 1988 [22, 23] to describe 'hydrolyzable' [24, 25], 'cleavable' [26, 27], and 'destructible' [27] surfactants that contain in their molecules at least one functional group susceptible to chemical reactions in aqueous environment (Scheme 1). In such reactions, surface-active substances lose their chemical identity and, in many cases, surface properties as well. In this respect, chemodegradability is similar to primary biodegradabiblity because a surface active substance is degraded in these processes to an extent that is environmentally acceptable [28]. This paper reports the synthesis of chemodegradable surfactants bearing in their molecules an ester or an acetal function, the latter being represented by cyclic 1,3-dioxolane or 1,3-dioxane structure (Scheme 3).

Słowa kluczowe

PL

środowisko; ochrona środowiska; przemysł chemiczny; cykl życia produktu; jakość ekologiczna; ekologia

EN

environmental protection; chemical industry; life cycle assessment (LCA); risk assessment

• Wydawca: Polskie Towarzystwo Chemiczne
• Czasopismo: Wiadomości Chemiczne
• Rocznik: 1998
• Tom: [Z] 52, 3-4
• Strony: 175--205
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 77 poz., schem., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Burczyk Bogdan

• Instytut Technologii Organicznej i Tworzyw Sztucznych Politechniki Wrocławskiej, Wybrzeże S. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław

• Instytut Technologii Organicznej i Tworzyw Sztucznych Politechniki Wrocławskiej, Wybrzeże S. Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław

Bibliografia

• [1] M. Taniewski, Sprawy Nauki, 1996, Nr 5 (31), 3.
• [2] W. Lubiewa-Wieleżyński, Przem. Chem., 1996, 75, 148.
• [3] J. A. Haber, Chemik, 1997, 50, Nr 7-8, 190.
• [4] T. Feijtel, Proc. A.I.S.E./CESIO III Workshop, Limelette, 1995, s. 35-43.
• [5] ISO/14000, Environmental Management Systems, 1996.
• [6] C- A. Pittinger, J. S. Sellers, D. C Janzen, D. G. Koch, T. M. Rothgeb, M. L. Hunnicutt, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 1993, 70, 1.
• [7] M. Stalmans, M. Berenbold, J. L. Berna, L. Cavalli, A. Dillarstone, M. Franke, F. Hirsinger, D. Janzen, K. Kosswig, D. Postlethwaite, Th. Rappert, C. Renta, D. Schare, K.-P. Schick, W. Schul, H. Thomas, R. Van Sloten, Tenside Surf. Det., 1995, 32, 84.
• [8] J. Rosenblom, Proc. 4th World Surfactants Congress, Barcelona 3-7.06.1996, Vol. 1, s. 13-17.
• [9] R. G. Hunt, J. D. Seilers, W. E. Franklin, Environ. Impact Assess. Rev., 1992, 12, 245.
• [10] ISO/14040, Environmental Management - Life Cycle Assessment - Principles and Frame¬work, 1997.
• [11] D. C. Janzen, Tenside Surf. Det., 1995, 32, 110.
• [12] F. Hirsinger, K.-P. Schick, W. Schul, M. Stalmans, ibid., 1995, 32, 398.
• [13] Commission Regulation of laying down the principles for the assessment of risks to man and the environment of existing substances in accordance with Council Regulation No 793/93/EEC, wg: T. Feijtel, Proc. A.I.S.E./CE-SIO III Workshop, Limelette, 1995, s. 35-43.
• [14] Technical guidance documents in support of the Commission Regulation 1488/94/EC on risks assessment for existing substances in accordance with Council Regulation 793/93, Of¬ficial Journal of the European Union, 1994, No 161.
• [15] Technical guidance documents in support of the risk assessment Directive 93/67/EC for substances notified in accordance with the requirements of Council Directive 67/548/EEC, Brussels, 1993; wg: R. J. Van Wijk, et al., Proc. 4th World Surfactants Congress, Barcelona, 3-7.06.1996, Vol. 3, s. 143-154.
• [16] C. E. Cowan, P. H. Masscheleyn, World Conf. Exhib. Environmental Challenges in Oilseeds Processing, Surfactants and Detergents, and Oleochemicals, Brussels, 4-7.03.1997, Abstr. s. 22.
• [17] P. Schöberl, N. Scholz, [w:] Die Tenside, K. Kosswig, H. Stache (red.), München-Wien, C. Hanser Verlag, 1993, s. 465-482.
• [18] Report of the OECD workshop on the extrapolation of laboratory aquatic toxicity data to the real environment, OECD Monograph No. 59, 1992; wg: E. V. D. Plassche, T. Feijtel, Proc. 4th World Surfactants Congress, Barcelona, 3-7.06.1996, Vol. 3, s. 246-260.
• [19] E. K. D. Plassche, T. Feijtel, ibid., Vol. 3, s. 251-252.
• [20] HAZCHEM - A mathematical model for use in risk assessment of substances, ECETOC Special Report No 8, European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals, Brussels, 1994; wg: F. R. Schröder, ibid., Vol. 3, s. 136-142.
• [21] P. Schöberl, Tenside Surf. Det, 1997, 34, 28.
• [22] B. Burczyk, Vllth Intern. Conf. Surface Active Substances, Bad Stuer (G.D.R.), April 22-30, 1988, Central Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the GDR, Berlin (GDR), 1988, Preprints Abs., s. 4.
• [23] A Piasecki, A Sokołowski, B. Burczyk, Proc. 2nd World Surfactants Congress, Paris, 24-27.05.1988, Vol. II, s. 296-304.
• [24] H. Rutzen, E. Götte, Patent RFN 1542671 (1969).
• [25] T. Kuwamura, H. Takahashi, Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 1972, 45, 617.
• [26] J. Cuomo, J. H. Marrifield, F. W. Keana, J. Org Chem., 1980, 45, 2216.
• [27] D. A Jeager, M. R. Frey, ibid., 1982, 47, 311.
• [28] A. Sokołowski, A. Piasecki, B. Burczyk, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 1992, 69, 633.
• [29] A. Bieniecki, B. M atuszewska, K. A. Wilk, Pol. J. Chem., 1995, 69,1174 i piśmiennictwo tam cytowane.
• [30] J. R. Brotherus, P. C. Jost, O. H. Griffith, L. E. Hokin, Biochemistry, 1979, 18, 5043.
• [31] A Pinazo, M. Piz, C. Solans, M. A. Pes, P. Erra, M. R. Infante, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 1993, 70, 37.
• [32] D. A. Jaeger, D. M. Ward, J. Org. Chem, 1982, 47, 2221.
• [33] D. A Jaeger, C T. Finley, M. R. Walter, C. A. Martin, ibid., 1986, 51, 3956.
• [34] R. B. Me Connell, Inform, 1994, 5, No 1, 76.
• [35] R. Puchta, P. Krings, P. Sandköhler, Tenside Surf. Det., 1993, 30, 186.
• [36] R. Lagerman, S. Clany, D. Tanner, N. Johnston, B. Callian, F. Friedli, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc, 1994, 71, 97.
• [37] L. M. Ilardi, S. A. Mads on, Patent USA 5429755 (1995).
• [38] R. D. Swisher, Surfactant Biodegradation, M. Dekker, Inc., New York, 1970, s. 258-261.
• [39] L. Stryer, Biochemia, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa 1997, s. 642-669.
• [40] D. Ono, S. Yamamura, N. Nakamura, T. Takeda, A. Masuyama, Y. Nakatsuji, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc, 1995, 72, 853.
• [41] A. Sokołowski, B. Burczyk, J. Oleś, J. Phys. Chem., 1984, 88, 807.
• [42] A. J. Showier, P. A. Darley, Chem. Rev., 1967, 67, 427.
• [43] D. R. McCoy, Patent USA 3948953 (1976).
• [44] S. Yamamura, M. Nakamura, K. Kasai, H. Sato, T. Takeda, J. Jpn. Oil Chem. Soc., 1991, 40, 1002.
• [45] D. A. Jaeger, J. Jamrozik, T. G. Golich, M. Węgrzyn Clennan, J. Mohebaiian, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1989, 111, 3001.
• [46] A. Piasecki, Tenside Detergents, 1985, 22, 239.
• [47] B. Burczyk, L. Węsłaś, ibid., 1980, 17, 21.
• [48] L. Węcłaś, B. Burczyk, ibid., 1981, 18, 19.
• [49] D. A Jaeger, Supramol. Chem., 1995, 5, 27 i piśmiennictwo tam cytowane.
• [50] D. Ono, A. Masuyama, Y. Nakatsuji, M. Okahara, S. Yamamura, T. Takeda, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc, 1993, 70, 29.
• [51] (a) A Piasecki, ibid., 1992, 69, 639; (b) A. Piasecki, B. Burczyk, Patent polski PL 163515 (1994); A. Piasecki, B. Burczyk, Patent polski PL 163516 (1994).
• [52] S. Yamamura, M. Nakamura, T. Takeda, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 1989, 66, 1165.
• [53] S. Yamamura, K. Schimaki,T. Nakajima, T. Takeda, I. Ikeda, M. Okahara, J. Jpn. Oil Chem. Soc., 1991, 40, 16.
• [54] T. Takeda, S. Yamamura, K. Tanaka, M. Nakamura, Yukagaku, 1991, 65, 389.
• [55] (a) K. A. Wilk, A Bieniecki, B. Burczyk, A. Sokołowski, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 1994, 71, 81; (b) A. Sokołowski, A. Bieniecki, K. A Wilk, B. Burczyk, Colloids Surfaces A, 1995, 98, 73.
• [56] (a) B. Burczyk, M. Banaszczyk, A Sokołowski, A. Piasecki, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc, 1988, 65, 1204; (b) B. Burczyk, M. Banaszczyk, Patent polski PL 139977 (1989); (c) K. Pyżalski, A. Piasecki, B. Burczyk, G. Bekierz, Przem. Chem, 1992, 71, 348; (d) A Piasecki, B. Burczyk, K. Pyżalski, G. Bekierz, Proc. 4th World Surfactants Congress, Barcelona 3-7.06.1966, Vol. 4, s. 15-23.
• [57] (a) A. Sokołowski, A. Piasecki, B. Burczyk, Tenside Surf. Det, 1993, 30, 417; (b) A. Sokołowski, B. Burczyk, Patent polski PL 163371 (1990); (c) A. Piasecki, i in. Zgłoszenie patentowe P-298844 (1993).
• [58] (a) A. Sokołowski, B. Burczyk, Patent polski PL 163495 (1990); (b) A. Piasecki, B. Burczyk, K. Pyżalski, G. Bekierz, Zgłoszenie patentowe P-313991.
• [59] (a) A Piasecki, Synth. Commun, 1992, 22, 445; (b) A. Piasecki, B. Burczyk, Patent polski PL 162441 (1993).
• [60] A. Piasecki, B. Burczyk, A Sokołowski, A. Mayhew, K. A. Wilk, Bull. Pol. Ac. Sei. Chem., 1997, 45, 329.
• [61] A. Piasecki, B. Burczyk, Pol. J. Chem, 1980, 54, 367.
• [62] (a) A Piasecki, A. Sokołowski, B. Burczyk, U. Kotlewska, Synth. Commun, 1996, 26, 4145; (b) iidem, Zgłoszenie patentowe P-306515 (1994).
• [63] (a) A Piasecki, A. Sokołowski, B. Burczyk, U. Kotlewska, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc, 1997,74, 33; (b) iidem, Zgłoszenie patentowe P-306516 (1994); (c) iidem, Zgłoszenie patentowe P-308929 (1995).
• [64] A. Piasecki, A. Sokołowski, B. Burczyk, R. Gancarz, U. Kotlewska, Langmuir, 1997, 13, 1434.
• [65] (a) A. Piasecki, B. Burczyk, P. Ruchała, J. Surf. Det. 1998, 1, 29; (b) iidem, Zgłoszenie patentowe P-311492 (1995); (c) iidem, Zgłoszenie patentowe P-311493 (1995).
• [66] G.-W. Wang. X.-Y. Yuan, Y.-C. Liu, X.-G. Lei, Q.-X. Guo, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc, 1995, 72, 83.
• [67] E. Berlow, R. H. Barth, J. E. Snow, The Pentaerithritols, Reinhold Publ., New York, 1958.
• [68] (a) B. Burczyk, W. Foltyńska, Proc. I World Surfactants Congress, Kuerle u. Verlag, Gelnhausen (Germany), 1984, Vol. II, s. 132-140; (b) W. Foltyńska, B. Burczyk, Patent polski 115527 (1982).
• [69] G.-W. Wang, X.-Y. Yuan, Y.-C. Liu, X.-G. Lei, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 1994, 71, 727.
• [70] G.-W. Wang, X.-G. Lei, Y.-C. Liu, ibid., 1993, 70, 731.
• [71] T. Kida, N. Morishima, A. Masuyama, Y. Nakatsuji, ibid., 1994, 71, 705.
• [72] T. Kida, K. Yurugi, A. Masuyama, Y. Nakatsuji, D. Ono, T. Takeda, ibid., 1995, 72, 773.
• [73] D. A. Jaeger, J. Mohebalian, P. L. Rose, Langmuir, 1990, 6, 547.
• [74] A Piasecki, A. Sokołowski, B. Burczyk, R. Gancarz, U. Kotlewska, J. Colloid Interface Sri., 1997, 192, 74.
• [75] K. Holmberg, Current Opinion Colloid Interface Sci., 1996, 1, 572.
• [76] Dziennik Ustaw RP Nr 98, poz. 490, Warszawa, 23.12.1992.
• [77] I. R. Shakland, [w]: The Chemistry of the Atmosphere: Its Impact on Global Change, J. G. Cälvert (red.), Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 1994, s. 71-83.

Uwagi

PL

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2024).