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Proceedings of the International Conference on Development and Applications of Nuclear Technologies NUTECH-2011, 11-14 September 2011, Kraków, Poland
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
This paper presents a new method applied to measure the angular neutron emission from Plasma Focus (PF) - type deuterium discharges performed within the PF-1000 facility. Neutrons were recorded by activation of especially optimized (mass and shape) indium samples with subsequent gamma spectrometry to measure the induced activity of the samples. The neutron fluence rate on every indium sample used was determined using neutron transport calculation and measured activity of the samples.
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Tom
Strony
563--568
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 18 poz., rys.
Twórcy
autor
autor
autor
autor
autor
- Division of Magnetised Plasma, Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion, Association EURATOM, 23 Hery Str., 01-497 Warsaw, Poland, Tel.: +48 22 638 1005 ext. 63, Fax: +48 22 666 8372, jednorog@ifpilm.waw.pl
Bibliografia
- 1. Baradacs E, Hunyadi I, Dezso Z, Csige I, Szerbin P (2001) 226Ra in geothermal and bottled mineral waters of Hungary. Radiat Meas 34:385–390
- 2. Belin B, Yalcin T, Suner F, Bozkurtoglu E, Gelir A, Guven H (2002) Earthquarke-related chemical and radioactivity changes of thermal water in Kuzuluk-Adapazari, Turkey. J Environ Radioact 63:239–249
- 3. Beyermann M, Bunger T, Schmidt S, Obrikat D (2010) Occurrence of natural radioactivity in public water supplies in Germany: U-238, U-234, U-235, Ra-228, Ra-226, Rn-222, Pb-210, Po-210 and gross α activity concentrations. Radiat Prot Dosim 141:72–81
- 4. Chau ND (2010) Natural radioactivity of the selected mineral waters occurring in the Polish Carpathians. JAK, Krakow (in Polish)
- 5. Chau ND, Duliński M, Jodłowski P et al. (2011) Natural radioactivity in groundwater – a review. Isot Environ Health Stud 47;4:415–437
- 6. Chau ND, Kopeć M (2010) Factors controlling radium isotope concentrations and their activity ratio in groundwaters. Przegląd Geologiczny 58;6:499–504
- 7. Chaudhuri H, Das NK, Bhandari RK, Sen P, Sinha B (2010) Radon activity measurements around Bakreswar thermal springs. Radiat Meas 45:143–146
- 8. Chowaniec J, Zuber A, Ciężkowski W (2007) Carpathian province. In: Paczyński B, Sadurski A (eds) Regional hydrology of Poland. Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny, Warsaw (in Polish)
- 9. Duenas C, Fernandez MC, Enriquez C, Carretero J, Liger E (1998) Natural radioactivity levels in Andalusian Spas. Water Res 32:2271–2278
- 10. EC (1998) European Communities, Council Directive 98/83/EC of 3 November 1998 on the Quality of Water Intended for Human Consumption. Off J Eur Comm pp 330–332
- 11. Erees FS, Aytas S, Sac MM, Yener G, Salk M (2007) Radon concentrations in thermal waters related to seismic events along faults in the Denizli Basin, Western Turkey. Radiat Meas 42:80–86
- 12. Grabowski P, Długosz M, Szajerski P, Bem H (2010) A comparison of selected natural radionuclide concentrations in the thermal groundwater of Mszczonow and Cieplice with deep well water from Łodź city, Poland. Nukleonika 55;2:181–186
- 13. Ivanovich M, Harmon RS (1982) Uranium series disequilibrium: Applications to environmental problems. Clarendon Press, Oxford
- 14. Kępińska B (2006) Geothermal energy – utilization in the World and Europe. Polityka Energetyczna 9:545–556 (in Polish)
- 15. Kozłowska B (2009) Natural radioactivity of the spring waters at the therapeutic centers in South Poland. Silesian University, Katowice (in Polish)
- 16. Labidi S, Dachraoui M, Mahjoubi H, Lemaitre N, Salah RB, Mtimet S (2002) Natural radioactive nuclides in some Tunisian thermo-mineral springs. J Environ Radioact 62:87–96
- 17. Lee MH, Choi GS, Cho YH, Lee CW, Shin HS (2001) Concentration and activity ratios of uranium isotopes in the groundwater of the Okchun Belt in Korea. J Environ Radioact 57:105–116
- 18. Marović G, Sencar J, Franić Z, Lokobauer N (1996) Radium-226 in thermal and mineral springs of Croatia and associated health risks. J Environ Radioact 33;3:309–317
- 19. Michard A, Beaucaire C, Michard G (1987) Uranium and rare earth elements in CO2 rich waters from Vals- Les-Bains (France). Geochem Cosmochem Acta51:901–909
- 20. Rihs S, Condomines M (2002) An improved method for Ra isotope (226Ra, 228Ra, 228Ra) measurements by gamma spectrometry in natural waters: application to CO2-rich thermal waters from the French Massif Central. Chem Geol 182:409–421
- 21. Salih MM, Pettersson HB, Lund EL (2002) Uranium and thorium series radionuclides in drinking waters from drilled bedrock wells: Correllation to geology and bedrock radioactivity and dose estimation. Radiat Prot Dosim 102;3:249–258
- 22. UNCEAR (2000) Source and effect of ionizing radiation. Report to the general assembly with scientific annexes. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effect of Atomic Radiation, United Nations, New York
- 23. Vesterbacka P, Turtiainen T, Heinavaara S, Arvela H (2006) Activity concentrations of Ra-226 and Ra-228 in drilled well water in Finland. Radiat Prot Dosim 121:406–412
- 24. Whitehead NE, Barry BJ, Ditchburn RG, Morris CJ, Stewart MK (2007) Systematics of radon at the Wairakei geothermal region, New Zealand. J Environ Radioact 92:16–29
- 25. WHO (2008) Guidelines for dinking water quality. World Health Organization, Geneva
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BUJ8-0023-0049