Preliminary evaluation of emissions from off road mobile machinery operating in real working conditions

• Autorzy: Gis W. , Żółtowski A. , Taubert S.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The paper presents results of the pollutants emission measurements from the exhaust system of the forklift truck as a representative of the off-road mobile machinery operating in real conditions. Directive 96/68/EC does not include spark ignition engines with maximum power output greater than 19 kW. In order to check the emission characteristics of the off-road mobile machinery equipped with such engine, the tests have been carried out of the H16T type forklift truck, manufactured by Linde company, fuelled with LPG. The portable analyzer (PEMS) Semtech-DS by Sensors was used for the measurements. It allowed making the necessary calculations to determine the road - test pollutants emission as a function of time. The tests included emission testing in stationary conditions and roadside emission testing of the forklift truck. The paper contains illustrations with many figures and tables showing CO, CO2, THC and NOx emissions versus speed, time and fork load of the tested machine. It contains discussion on the possibility of road emission measurements expressed in g/km for off-road machineries as well as usefulness of these measurements using portable emission measurement systems for the off-road machinery.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

exhaust emission; environment; off road mobile machinery

• Wydawca: Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Aviation ; European Science Society of Powertrain and Transport KONES Poland ; Wydawnictwo Instytutu Technicznego Wojsk Lotniczych
• Czasopismo: Journal of KONES
• Rocznik: 2012
• Tom: Vol. 19, No. 3
• Strony: 125--134
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 23 poz., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Gis W.

autor

Żółtowski A.

autor

Taubert S.

• Motor Transport Institute Environment Protection Centre Jagiello..ska Street 80, 03-301 Warsaw, Poland tel.: [phone] [phone], fax: [phone],

Bibliografia

• [1] United Nations, Agreement concerning the adoption of uniform conditions of approval and reciprocal recognition of approval for motor vehicle equipment and parts, Addendum 95, Regulation No. 96, Uniform provisions concerning the approval of compression-ignition (C.I.) engines to be installed in agricultural and forestry tractors with regard to the emission of pollutants by the engine, E/ECE/324.ECE/TRANS/505 Rev.1/Add.95, 12 December 1995.
• [2] United Nations, Agreement concerning of uniform technical prescriptions for wheeled vehicles, equipment and parts which can be fitted and/or be used on wheeled vehicles and the conditions for reciprocal recognition of approvals granted on the basis of these prescriptions, Addendum 95, Regulation No. 96, Revision 1, Uniform provisions concerning the approval of compression-ignition (C.I.) engines to be installed in agricultural and forestry tractors and in non-road mobile machinery with regard to the emissions of pollutants by the engine. E/ECE/324.ECE/TRANS/505 Rev.1, 02 November 2006.
• [3] United Nations, Agreement concerning of uniform technical prescriptions for wheeled vehicles, equipment and parts which can be fitted and/or be used on wheeled vehicles and the conditions for reciprocal recognition of approvals granted on the basis of these prescriptions, Addendum 95, Regulation No. 96, Revision 1-Amendment 1. Uniform provisions concerning the approval of compression-ignition (C.I.) engines to be installed in agricultural and forestry tractors and in non-road mobile machinery with regard to the emissions of pollutants by the engine, E/ECE/324.ECE/TRANS/505 Rev.1/Amend.1, 08 April 2008.
• [4] Council Directive 77/537/EEC of 28 June 1977 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the measures to be taken against the emission of pollutants from diesel engines for use in wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors.
• [5] Council Directive 72/306/EEC of 2 August 1972 on approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the measures to be taken against the emission of pollutants from diesel engines for use in vehicles, OJ L 190, 20.8.1972.
• [6] Council Directive 82/890/EEC of 17 December 1982 amending the Directives on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors.
• [7] Directive 97/54/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 September 1997 amending, as regards the maximum design speed of wheeled agricultural or forestry tractors, Council Directives 74/150/EEC, 74/151/EEC, 74/152/EEC, 74/346/EEC, 74/347/EEC, 75/321/EEC, 75/322/EEC, 76/432/EEC, 76/763/EEC, 77/311/EEC, 77/537/EEC, 78/764/EEC, 78/933/EEC, 79/532/EEC, 79/533/EEC, 80/720/EEC, 86/297/EEC, 86/415/EEC and 89/173/EEC.
• [8] Directive 97/68/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 1997on the approximation of the laws of the Member State relating to measures against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from internal combustion engines to be installed in nonroad mobile machinery.
• [9] Council Directive 2001/63/ECof 17 August 2001adapting to technical progress Directive 97/68/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from internal combustion engines to be installed in non-road mobile machinery.
• [10] Directive 2002/88/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 December 2002 amending Directive 97/68/EC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from internal combustion engines to be installed in non-road mobile machinery.
• [11] Directive 2004/ 26/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 April 2004amending Directive 97/68/EC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from internal combustion engines to be installed in non-road mobile machinery.
• [12] Council Directive 2006/105/EC of 20 November 2006adapting Directives 73/239/EEC, 74/557/EEC and 2002/83/EC in the field of environment, by reason of the accession of Bulgaria and Romania.
• [13] Directive 2011/88/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 November 2011amending Directive 97/68/EC as regards the provisions for engines placed on the market under the flexibility scheme.
• [14] DIRECTIVE 2000/25/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2000on action to be taken against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants by engines intended to power agricultural or forestry tractors and amending Council Directive 74/150/EEC.
• [15] Commission Directive 2005/13/ECof 21 February 2005amending Directive 2000/25/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants by engines intended to power agricultural or forestry tractors, and amending Annex I to Directive 2003/37/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the type-approval of agricultural or forestry tractors.
• [16] Council Directive 2006/96/EC of 20 November 2006adapting certain Directives in the field of free movement of goods, by reason of the accession of Bulgaria and Romania.
• [17] Commission Directive 2010/22/EUof 15 March 2010amending, for the purposes of their adaptation to technical progress, Council Directives 80/720/EEC, 86/298/EEC, 86/415/EEC and 87/402/EEC and Directives 2000/25/EC and 2003/37/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council relating to the type-approval of agricultural or forestry tractors.
• [18] Directive 2011/72/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 September 2011amending Directive 2000/25/EC as regards the provisions for tractors placed on the market under the flexibility scheme.
• [19] Directive 2011/87/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 November 2011amending Directive 2000/25/EC as regards the application of emission stages for narrow-track tractors.
• [20] Council Directive 70/156/EEC of 6February 1970 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to type-approval of motor vehicles and their trailers.
• [21] Council Directive 92/61/EC of 30 June 1992 relating to the type-approval of two or threewheel motor vehicles.
• [22] Council Directive 74/150/EEC of 4 March 1974 on the on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to type-approval of wheeled agricultural to forestry tractors
• [23] PN-EN ISO 8178 –(1-10), Silniki spalinowe tłokowe. Pomiar emisji spalin.