Powiadomienia systemowe
- Sesja wygasła!
- Sesja wygasła!
Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Konferencja
10th International Workshop and Summer School "Towards Fusion Energy", 12-18 June 2011, Kudowa Zdrój, Poland
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
This paper is based on an invited lecture given at the 10th International Workshop and Summer School "Towards Fusion Energy", which was held in Kudowa Zdrój, Poland, on June 12–18, 2011. A concise review is presented of the known experimental results on various plasma Z-pinch experiments supplied by high-voltage and high-current pulsed power generators. The most important issues and the most valuable results in this domain are highlighted. A broad class of various Z-pinches is considered, including simple inter-electrode discharges, single exploding wires, so-called X-pinches, cylindrical wire-array Z-pinches, radial wire-array discharges, conical wire-array experiments, and gas-puffed Z-pinches. Non-cylindrical Z-pinch discharges (often called plasma focus experiments) are also briefly characterized. The most important characteristics of each category of experiments are outlined. Particular attention is paid to fusion-oriented high-power Z-pinch experiments and the problems encountered in experiments with various sophisticated fusion targets. The main issues in the described Z-pinch experiments are identified. Finally, new trends in the dense Z-pinch research are described.
Słowa kluczowe
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
11--24
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 59 poz., rys.
Twórcy
autor
autor
- National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), 7 Andrzeja Sołtana Str., 05-400 Otwock/Swierk, Poland and Institute of Plasma Physics and Laser Microfusion (IFPiLM), 23 Hery Str., 01-497 Warsaw, Poland, Tel.: +48 22 718 0537, Fax: +48 22 779 3481, marek.sadowski@ncbj.gov.pl
Bibliografia
- 1. Ampleford DJ, Ciardi A, Lebedev SV et al. (2007) Jet reflection by a quasi-steady-state site wind in the laboratory. Astrophys Space Sci 307:29–34
- 2. Anderson OA, Baker WR, Colgate SA et al. (1958) Neutron production in linear deuterium pinches. Phys Rev 110:1375–1387
- 3. Apruzese JP, Pulsifer PE, Davis J et al. (1998) K-shell radiation physics in the ultrahigh optical depth pinches of the Z generator. Phys Plasmas 5:4476–4483
- 4. Artsimovich LA, Andrianov AM, Bazilevskaya OA et al. (1957) An investigation of high current pulsed discharges. J Nucl Energy 4:203–204
- 5. Bernard A, Bruzzone H, Choi P et al. (1998) Scientific status of plasma focus research. J Moscow Phys Soc 8:93–170
- 6. Calamy H (ed) (2012) Proc of the 8th Int Conf Dense Z- -Pinches, 5–9 June 2011, Biarritz, France. AIP CP, Melville, New York (in print)
- 7. Calamy H, Lassalle F, Loyen A et al. (2008) Use of microsecond current prepulse for dramatic improvements of wire array Z-pinch implosion. Phys Plasmas 15:012701
- 8. Cuneo ME, Vesey RA, Porter JL et al. (2002) Double Z-pinch Hohlraum drive with excellent temperature balance for symmetric inertial confinement fusion capsule implosions. Phys Rev Lett 88:215004
- 9. Deeney C, Douglas MR, Spielman RB et al. (1998) Enhancement of X-ray power from a Z-pinch using nested-wire arrays. Phys Rev Lett 81:4883–4886
- 10. Emrich RJ, Wheeler DB (1958) Wall effects in shock tube flow. Phys Fluids 1:14–23
- 11. Favre M, Wyndham E, Lenero AM et al. (2008) Experimental observation in compact capillary discharges. Plasma Sources Sci Technol 17:024011 (7 pp)
- 12. Gardner JW (1957) Pinched discharges and thermonuclear reactions. Nuovo Cimento 10:1228–1229
- 13. Haines MG, Lebedev SV, Chittenden JP et al. (2000) The past, present, and future of Z pinches. Phys Plasmas 7:1672–1680
- 14. Haines MG, Sanford TWL, Smirnov VP (2005) Wire- array Z-pinch: a powerful X-ray source for ICF. Plasma Phys Control Fusion 47:B1–B12
- 15. Ibbotson TP, Bourgeois N, Rowlands-Rees TP et al. (2010) Laser-wakefield acceleration of electron beams in a low density plasma channel. Phys Rev ST Accel Beams 13:031301 (4 pp)
- 16. Ivanov VV, Sotnikov VI, Haboub A et al. (2008) Mitigation of the plasma implosion inhomogeneity in star-like wire-array Z-pinches. Phys Rev Lett 100:02504
- 17. Jones B, Ampleford DJ, Vesey RA et al. (2010) Planar wire-array Z-pinch implosion dynamics and X-ray scaling at multiple-MA drive currents for a compact multisource Hohlraum configuration. Phys Rev Lett 104:125001 (4 pp)
- 18. Jones B, Deeney C, Coverdale CA et al. (2006) K-shell radiation physics in low-to moderate-atomic-number Z-pinch plasmas on the Z accelerator. J Quant Spectrosc Radiat Transf 99:341–348
- 19. Kadomtsev BB (1966) Hydromagnetic stability of a plasma. Rev Plasma Phys 2:153–199
- 20. Kolacek K, Prukner V, Schmidt J et al. (2009) Exploding wire in water as a potential source of amolified EUV radiation. AIP CP 1088:164–167
- 21. Krakowski RA, Sethian JD, Hagenson RL (1989) The high-density Z-pinch as a pulsed fusion neutron source for fusion nuclear technology and materials testing. J Fusion Energy 8:269–286
- 22. Kubes P, Korolev VD, Bakshaev YuL et al. (2008) Neutron emission during the implosion of a wire array onto a deuterated fiber. Plasma Phys Rep 34:52–59
- 23. Kubes P, Paduch M, Pisarczyk T et al. (2009) Interferometric study of pinch phase in Plasma-Focus discharge at the time of neutron production. IEEE Trans Plasma Sci 37: 2191–2196
- 24. Kubes P, Paduch M, Pisarczyk T et al. (2010) Trans-formation of the pinched column at a period of the neutron production. IEEE Trans Plasma Sci 38:672–679
- 25. Kubes P, Paduch M, Pisarczyk T et al. (2011) Spontaneous transformation in the pinched column of the plasma focus. IEEE Trans Plasma Sci 39:562–568
- 26. Kwiatkowski R, Skladnik-Sadowska E, Malinowski K et al. (2011) Measurements of electron and ion beams emitted from PF-1000 device in upstream and downstream direction. Nukleonika 56;2:119–123
- 27. Lassalle IF, Loyen A, Georges A et al. (2008) Status of the Sphinx machine based on microsecond LTD technology. IEEE Trans Plasma Sci 36:370–377
- 28. Lebedev SV, Ciardi A, Ampleford DJ et al. (2005) Magnetic tower outflows from a radial wire array Z-pinch. Mon Not R Astron Soc 361:97–108
- 29. Leontovich MA, Osovets SM (1957) On the mechanism of current constriction in high-current gas discharges. J Nucl Energy 4:209–212
- 30. Lerner EJ, Krupakar-Murali S, Shannon DM, Blake AM, Roessel FV (2011) Fusion reaction scaling in a mega-amp dense plasma focus. In: Proc Workshop and Expert Meeting ICDMP, 16–17 September 2011, Warsaw, Poland. CD issue, P-9; http://www.ipplm.pl/ifpilm.pl
- 31. Levine JS, Banister JW, Failor BH et al. (2006) Implosion dynamics and radiative characteristics of a high yield structured gas-puff load. Phys Plasmas 13:082702
- 32. Matzen MK, Sweeney MA, Adams RG et al. (2005) Pulsed-power-driven high energy density physics and inertial confinement fusion research. Phys Plasmas 12:055503
- 33. Mitchell IH, Gomez JA, Suzuki FA et al. (2005) X-ray emission from 125 μm diameter aluminium wire X-pinches at currents of 400 kA. Plasma Sources Sci Technol 14:501–508
- 34. Mosher D, Qi N, Krishnan M (1998) A two-level model for K-shell radiation scaling of the imploding Z-pinch plasma radiation source. IEEE Trans Plasma Sci 26:1052–1061
- 35. Nebel RA, Lewis HR, Hammel JE et al. (1987) Multidimensional MHD simulations of dense Z-pinch fibers. Bull Am Phys Soc 32:1758–1759
- 36. Pereira NR, Rostoker N, Pearlman JS (1984) Z-pinch instability with distributed current. J Appl Phys 55:704–707
- 37. Pikuz SA, Shelkovenko TA, Chandler KM et al. (2004) X-ray spectroscopy for high energy-density X-pinch density and temperature measurements. Rev Sci Instrum 75:3666–3671
- 38. Ribe FL (1975) Fusion reactor systems. Rev Modern Phys 47:7–41
- 39. Rocca JJ (1999) Table-top soft X-ray lasers. Rev Sci Instrum 70:3799–3828
- 40. Sadowski M, Herold H, Schmidt H, Shakhatre M (1984) Filamentary structure of the pinch in plasma focus discharges. Phys Lett A 105:117–123
- 41. Sadowski MJ, Malinowska A, Malinowski K et al. (2010) Measurements of fusion-protons anisotropy around the pinch axis within high-current PF-1000 experiments. In: Proc of Plasma Diagnostics, 12–16 April 2010, Pont-a-Mousson, France. CD issue, P-58; https://roquefort.nancyuniversite.fr/CONGRES/DOCUMENT/prooral.zip
- 42. Sadowski MJ, Scholz M (2008) The main issues of research on dense magnetized plasmas in PF discharge. Plasma Sources Sci Technol 17:02400
- 43. Sadowski MJ, Scholz M (2010) Highlights of dense magnetized plasma research in Poland. Probl Atom Sci Tech, 6, Series: Plasma Phys 16:194–198
- 44. Sawyer GA, Scott PL, Stratten TF (1959) Experimental demonstration of hydromagnetic waves in an ionized gas. Phys Fluids 2:47–52
- 45. Scholz M, Karpinski L, Paduch M et al. (2000) Results of recent experiments with PF-1000 facility equipped with new large electrodes. Czech J Phys 50;S3:179–184
- 46. Sethian JD, Robson AE, Gerber KA, DeSilva AW (1987) Enhanced stability and neutron production in a dense Z-pinch plasma formed from a frozen deuterium fiber. Phys Rev Lett 59:892–895
- 47. Shelkovenko TA, Pikuz SA, Cahill AD et al. (2010) Hybrid X-pinch with conical electrodes. Phys Plasmas 17:112707 (5 pp)
- 48. Shelkovenko TA, Pikuz SA, McBride RD et al. (2009) Nested multilayered X-pinches for generators with megaampere current level. Phys Plasmas 16:050702 (4 pp)
- 49. Shelkovenko TA, Pikuz SA, Mingaleev AR et al. (2008) Accelerated electrons and hard X-ray emission from X-pinches. Plasma Phys Rep 34:754–770
- 50. Shishlov AV, Baksht RB, Chaikovsky SA et al. (2007) Gas-puff-on-wire-array Z-pinch experiments on the GIT-12 generator at microsecond implosion times. IEEE Trans Plasma Sci 35:592–600
- 51. Sinars DB, Lemke RW, Cuneo ME et al. (2008) Radiation energetics of ICF-relevant wire-array Z pinches. Phys Rev Lett 100:145002
- 52. Sinars DB, Pikuz SA, Douglass JD et al. (2008) Bright spots in 1 MA X pinches as a function of wire number and material. Phys Plasmas 15:092703
- 53. Skladnik-Sadowska E, Sadowski MJ, Czaus K et al. (2010) Recent studies of the ion emission from high-current PF- 1000 experiments. Probl Atom Sci Tech, 6, Series: Plasma Phys 16:199–201
- 54. Slutz SA, Herrmann MC, Vesey RA et al. (2010) Pulsed-power-driven cylindrical liner implosions of laser preheated fuel magnetized with an axial field. Phys Plasmas 17:056303 (15 pp)
- 55. Soto L, Pavez C, Moreno J et al. (2008) Dense transient pinches and pulsed power technology; research and applications using medium and small devices. Phys Scr T131:014031
- 56. Spielman RB, Deeney C, Chandler GA et al. (1998) Tungsten wire-array Z-pinch experiments at 200 TW and 2 MJ. Phys Plasmas 5:2105–2111
- 57. Vandenplas PE (1998) Reflections on the past and future of fusion and plasma physics research. Plasma Phys Control Fusion 40:A77–A85
- 58. Vandevender JB (1985) Light-ion beams for inertial confinement fusion. Nucl Fusion 25:1373–1382
- 59.Yu EP, Oliver BV, Sinars DB et al. (2007) Steady-state radiation ablation in the wire-array Z-pinch. Phys Plasmas 14:022705
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BUJ8-0017-0002