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Tytuł artykułu

Vert particle filter test procedure and quality standard for new and in-use diesel engines

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A new approach is needed to test particle filters for retrofitting Diesel engines. Considering the toxicity of the particles as also the physical and chemical attributes of particle filters, the optimal scheme is to test the components themselves independent of the deployment. That scheme ensures the highest effectiveness with least effort. It also enables evaluation of worst-case situations and assesses the hazards of secondary emissions. The Swiss standard SNR 277 205, which mandates the VERT test procedure, is a first step in that direction. The solution is derived from the physics of the filter media. The filtration of fine particles essentially depends on the particle size and the space velocity. The attributes of the emitting engine are only insignificantly relevant. Hence the physics and chemistry of particle filters can be investigated independent of the engine and its deployment duty. This concept facilitates a very thorough investigation of the size-dependent filtration, aging susceptibility, secondary emissions and extreme situations. Filter systems, which pass this detailed test, perform equally well in every retrofit configuration. This filter test concept was implemented 1998 in the VERT project and is successful for assessing retrofltting [4]. VERT approved fllter systems are already deployed in the Low Emission Zones of Europe, North and South America.
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  • Technik Thermische Maschinen Fohrholzstrasse 14 b, 5443 Niederrohrdorf, Switzerland tel: 0564966414, fax: 0564966415, ttm.a.mayer@bluewin.ch
Bibliografia
  • [1] Wichmann, H. E., et al., Gesundheitliche Wirkungen von Feinstaub, Ecomed-Verl.-Ges., 2002
  • [2] Jacobson, M. Z., Control of fossil-fuel particulate black carbon and organic matter, Journal of Geophysical Research, 2002.
  • [3] Mayer, A, et al., Reliability of DPF-Systems, SAE 2004-01-0076, 2004.
  • [4] BAFU/Suva-Filterliste,: www.umwelt-schweiz.ch/0607-d.
  • [5] Orenstein, A. J., Proceedings of the Pneumoconiosis Conference, J.&A. Churchill Ltd, Johannesburg 1959, London 1960.
  • [6] Hinds, W. C., Aerosol Technology, John Wiley&Sons 1982.
  • [7] Extrapulmonary effects of inhaled nanosized particles, Oberdörster, 9. ETH-conference, 2005.
  • [8] Air quality guidelines for Europe, WHO Regional Office for Europe, European Series, No. 23, 1987.
  • [9] Kasper, M., The number concentration of non-volatile particles, SAE 2004-01-0960.
  • [10] Siegmann, K., Aerosol, J., Soot Formation in Flames, Scie. 31, Suppl. 1, 1998.
  • [11] Andrews, G. E., et al., Particulate Mass Accumulation and Release, SAE 2000-01-0508, University of Leeds, Ford Research, 2000.
  • [12] Czerwinski, J., Messtechnische Untersuchung offener Partikelminderungssysteme, im Auftrag des UBA Umweltbundesamtes, www.umweltbundesamt.de/verkehr/techemissmm/technik/pms.htm.
  • [13] Israël, G. W., et al., Analyse der Herkunft und Zusammensetzung der Schwebstaubimmission, VDI Fortschritt-Berichte, Umwelttechnik Nr. 92, 2003
  • [14] Mayer, A., et al., Gestrickte Strukturen aus Endlosfasern für die Abgasreinigung, Teil: 1, MTZ 56, 1995.
  • [15] van Basshuysen, R., Schäfer, F., Lexikon Motorentechnik, Vieweg-Verlag, ISBN 3-528-03903-5, 2004.
  • [16] Mayer, A., et al., Nanoparticle-Emission of EURO 4 and EURO 5 HDV, SAE 2007-01-1112, 2007.
  • [17] Heeb, N. V., et al., Secondary Effects of Catalytic Diesel Particulate Filters, Environ Sci. Technol., 42, 3773-3779, 2008.
  • [18] Heeb, N. V., et al., Secondary Effects of Catalytic Diesel Particulate Filters: Copper-Induced Formation of PCDD/Fs, Environ Sci Technol., 41, 5789-5794, 2007.
  • [19] Section 2002 of the US Clean Air 6/2002 (a)(4)(A), 2002.
  • [20] Mayer, A., et al., Particle Filter Retrofit for all Diesel Engines, Expert-verlag, ISBN 978-3- 8169-2850-8, 2009.
  • [21] Uniform Provisions concerning the Approval of Vehicles, E/ECE/324, Rev. 1/Add 82/Rev. 2/Amend 1, 2002.
  • [22] Risom, L., et al., Oxidative stress-induced DNA damage by particulate air pollution, Elsevier,Mutation Research 592, 119-137, www.sciencedirect.com, 2005.
  • [23] Mayer, A., et al., Particle Filter Properties after 2000 hrs Real World Operation, SAE 2008-01-0332, 2008.
  • [24] EN 1822 classification of HEPA and ULPA filters; VDI 3677, Filternde Abscheider, ISO 5011: Inlet air cleaning, ISO/TS 11155-1: Road vehicle – Air filters; ISO/TS 13353: Diesel fuel and petrol filters – Initial efficiency by particle counting, 2002.
  • [25] Swiss National Standard SNR 277 205 – Testing particle filter systems for combustion engines, http://www.snv.ch.
  • [26] ECE-R24.
  • [27] VDI-2465.
  • [28] Kasper, M., Characterization of Nanoparticle Size and Composition, SAE 2000-01-1998, 2000.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BUJ7-0017-0082
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