Ocean optics in application to remote detection of an oil-in-water emulsion originating from the engine room

• Autorzy: Otremba Z. , Rudź K.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Relatively great number of detected and confirmed oil spillages in the Polish marine areas reveals that discharge of oil substances from any one of a large number of ships to the marine environment is real in any time. Surface oil contamination can be easily detected by satellite or airborne radar techniąues, but unfortunately oil dispersed in the bulk of water cannot be detected at the present. Discharge waters usually contain small amounts ofoil substances in the form of dispersed droplets (emulsion). It is revealed that oil emulsion cause measurable changes in the optical properties of seawater. In practice, detection of changes of these properties should be possible by the standard radiance or irradiance reflectance meter. This paper presents a computed photon trace simulation applied to the marine environment polluted by oil-in-water emulsion. Model of marine area consists ofwhether conditions, sun elevation, sea depth, optical properties of seawater related to various transparency/turbidity: from clean oceanic waters to turbid coastal seawater (as water from Gulf of Gdańsk is). Model of oil pollution is represented by oil droplets size distribution and by spectra of both attenuation-coefficient and refraction-coefficient related to two optically absolutely different kinds of oil. It is revealed that the values of irradiance reflectance are significantly differ for the clean sea area in relation to the polluted one, even for small amounts of engine-room origin oil pollution.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

environmental protection; oil pollution; engine room; ocean optics; Monte Carlo modelling

• Wydawca: Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Aviation ; European Science Society of Powertrain and Transport KONES Poland ; Wydawnictwo Instytutu Technicznego Wojsk Lotniczych
• Czasopismo: Journal of KONES
• Rocznik: 2010
• Tom: Vol. 17, No. 3
• Strony: 349--353
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 15 poz., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Otremba Z.

autor

Rudź K.

• Gdynia Maritime University, Department of Physics Morska Street 81-87, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland tel: [phone],fax: [phone],

Bibliografia

• [1] Bonn Agreement, Annual Report on Aerial Surveillance 2003, [http://www.bonnagreement.org/ eng/html/aerial-surveillance/welcome.html].
• [2] HELCOM, Recommendation 12/8, [http://www.helcom.fi/recommendations/rec12_8.html].
• [3] HELCOM, Location of oil spillages observed by Aerial Surveillance within the North and Baltic Sea Areas in 2002, [http://www.helcom.fi/sea/oilbsns2002.pdf].
• [4] Nicodemus, F. E., Reflectance Nomenclature and Directional Reflectance and Emissivity, Applied Optics, 9 (6), pp. 1474-1475, 1970.
• [5] Nicodemus, F. E., Richmond, J. C., Hsia, J. J., Ginsberg, I. W., Limperis, T., Geometrical considerations and nomenclature for reflectance, National Bureau of Standards, NBS Monograph 162, Washington DC 1977.
• [6] Mobley, C., Zhang, H., Effects of optically shallow bottoms on upwelling radiances: Bidirectional reflectance distribution function effects, Limnol. Oceanogr., 48 (1, part 2), pp. 337-345, 2003.
• [7] Otremba, Z., The impact on the reflectance in VIS of a type of crude oil film floating on the water surface, Optics Express 7, pp. 129-134, 2000.
• [8] Otremba, Z., Piskozub, J., Modelling the Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) of seawater polluted by an oil film, Optics Express, Vol. 12, No. 8, pp. 1671-1676, 2004.
• [9] Otremba, Z., Simulation of the contrast of the sea areas polluted by oil spilled on the surface and dispersed in the water column, 44’th issue of series: Computer Simulation and Boundary field problems, Environmental Simulations, Ed.: Riga Technical University, pp. 6-12, 2002.
• [10] Otremba, Z., Modeling of visibility of oil in the sea, Proc. Remote Sensing Conference of SPIE (the International Society for Optical Engineering), pp. 202-206, Agia Pelagia(Creete) 2002.
• [11] Otremba, Z., Relationships between the quantities which describe reflective features of both land and ocean, Proc. 2nd International Conference Current problems in Optics of Natural Waters ONW-2003, pp. 376-381, Sankt-Petersburg, Russia 2003 .
• [12] Otremba, Z., Influence of oil dispersed in seawater on the bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF), Optica Applicata, Vol. 35, No. 1, pp. 99-109, 2005.
• [13] Otremba, Z., Modeling the bidirectional reflectance distribution functions (BRDF) of sea areas polluted by oil, Oceanologia 4, pp. 505-518, 2004.
• [14] Perovich, D. K., Light reflection from sea ice during the onset of melt, Journal of Geophysical Research, 99, pp. 3351-3359, 1994.
• [15] Warren, S. G., Optical properties of snow, Review of Geophysics and Space Physics, 20, pp. 67-89, 1982.