Emission control technologies to meet current and future european vehicle emission legislation

• Autorzy: Bosteels D. , Searles R. A.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The paper reviews the technologies available to meet the exhaust emission regulations for cars, light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles and motorcycles adopted by the European Union for implementation during the new century. This includes low light-off catalysts, more thermally durable catalysts, improved substrate technology, hydrocarbon adsorbers, electrically heated catalysts, DeNOx catalysts and adsorbers, selective catalytic reduction and diesel particulate filters. The paper presents results from a recent heavy-duty diesel test programme showing that EU 5 emission limits can be met with a 50% safety margin with a Catalyst-Based Diesel Particulate Filter (CB-DPF), a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system and a Clean-up Catalyst applied to a standard series production EU 3 heavy duty diesel (HDD) engine, even after a severe ageing cycle, including high sulphur fuel misfuelling.

• Wydawca: Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Aviation ; European Science Society of Powertrain and Transport KONES Poland ; Wydawnictwo Instytutu Technicznego Wojsk Lotniczych
• Czasopismo: Journal of KONES
• Rocznik: 2002
• Tom: Vol. 9, No. 1-2
• Strony: 27--39
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 45 poz., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Bosteels D.

• Association for Emissions Control by Catalyst (AECC) Avenue de Tervueren,100, B-1040 Brussels, Belgium tel. [phone], fax. [phone], web site: www.aecc.be

autor

Searles R. A.

• Association for Emissions Control by Catalyst (AECC) Avenue de Tervueren,100, B-1040 Brussels, Belgium tel. [phone], fax. [phone], web site: www.aecc.be

Bibliografia

• 1 Directives 1998/69/EC (emissions) and 1998/70/EC (fuels)
• 2 Directive 1999/96/EC
• 3 M. Honuchi, S. Makoto, K. Saito and S. Ichihara, "The Effects of Flow-Through Type Oxidation Catalysts on the Particulate Reduction of 1990s Diesel Engines", SAE 900600, Feb. 1990.
• 4 K. Voss et al, "Zirconia-based ceramic, in-cylinder coatings and aftertreatment oxidation catalysts for reduction of emissions from heavy-duty diesel engines", SAE 970469
• 5 R. J. Brisley et al, "The Use of Palladium in Advanced Catalysts", SAE 950259.
• 6 J. Schmidt et al, “Utilization of advanced Pt/Rh TWC technologies for advanced gasoline applications with different cold start strategies”, SAE 2001-01-0927, March 2001
• 7 J-P. Cuif et al, “(Ce, Zr)02 Solid Solutions for Three Way Catalysts”, SAE 970463.
• 8 S. T. Gulati, "Thin Wall Ceramic Catalyst Supports", SAE 1999-01-0269
• 9 J. Schmitt et al, "The Impact of High Cell Density Ceramic Substrates and Washcoat Properties on the Catalytic Activity of Three Way Catalysts", SAE 1999-01-0272
• 10 S. Kikuchi et al, “Technology for Reducing Exhaust Gas Emissions in Zero Emission Level Vehicles”, SAE 1999-01-0772
• 11 S. T. Gulati, "Design Considerations for Advanced Ceramic Catalyst Supports", SAE 2000-01- 0493
• 12 K. Nishizawa et al, “New Technologies Targeting Zero Emissions for Gasoline Engines”, SAE 2000-01-0890
• 13 R. Brück et al, "The Necessity of Optimizing the Interactions of Advanced Post-Treatment Components in Order to Obtain Compliance with SULEV-Legislation", SAE 1999-01-0770
• 14 W. Maus, R. Brück and G. Holy, “Zukünftige Abgasnachbehandlungstechnologien für Otto- Motoren; Die nächste Generation Niedrigstemissionsfahrzeuge”, AVL Congress, Graz, Sept. 1999
• 15 M. Reizig, R. Brück, R. Konieczny, P. Treiber, “New approaches to Catalyst Substrate Application for Diesel Engines”, SAE 2001-01-0189, March 2001
• 16 N. Noda, A. Takahashi, Y. Shibagaki and H Mizuno, “In-line Hydrocarbon Adsorber for Cold Start Emissions - Part II, SAE 980423, Feb 1998
• 17 F. J. Hanel, E. Otto, R. Brück, T. Nagel and N. Bergaul, “Practical Experience with the EHC System in the BMW ALPINA B12”, SAE 970263
• 18 G. Lepperhoff, P. Stommel, B. Lüers and R. A. Searles, “Vehicle Study on the Impact of Diesel Fuel Sulfur Content on the Performance of DeNOx Catalysts and the Influence of DeNOx Catalysts on Particle Size and Number”, SAE 2000-01-1877, June 2000
• 19 W. Strehlau, J. Leyrer, E.S. Lox, T. Kreuzer, M. Hori and M. Hoffmann: “New Developments in Lean NOx Catalysis for Gasoline Fuelled Passenger Cars in Europe”, SAE 962047
• 20 M.S. Brogan, R.J. Bnsley, A.P. Walker, D.E. Webster, W. Boegner, N.P. Fekete, M. Kraemer, B. Krutzsch and D. Voigtlaender, “Evaluation of NOx Storage Catalysts as an Effective System for NOx Removal from the Exhaust Gas of Lean bum Gasoline Engines”, SAE 952490
• 21 U. Göbel, T. Kreuzer and E. S. Lox, “Moderne NOx-Adsorber-Technologien, Grundlagen, Voraussetzungen, Erfahrungen”, Proceedings of the VDA-conference, Frankfurt (1999)
• 22 K.-H. Glück, U. Göbel, H. Hahn, J. Höhne, R. Krebs, T. Kreuzer and E. Pott: “Die Abgasreinigung der FSI-Motoren von Volkswagen”, MTZ Motortechnische Zeitschrift, 6, 402 (2000)
• 23 U. Göbel, J. Höhne, E S. Lox, W. Müller, A. Okumura, W. Strehlau and M. Hori, “Durability Aspects of NOx-Storage Catalysts for Direct Injection Gasoline Vehicles”, SAE 99FL-103
• 24 H. Lüders, P Stommel and S. Geckler, “Diesel Exhaust Treatment - New Approaches to Ultrz Low Emission Diesel Vehicles” SAE 1999-01-0108, Mar 1999
• 25 N. Ruzicka and T. Liebscher, “Possible Aftertreatment Concepts for Passenger Car Diesel Engine: with Sulphur-free Fuel”, SAE 1999-01-1328, Mar 1999
• 26 S. Fischer, L. Hofmann and W. Mathes, “The development of the SINOx system for commercia vehicles for serial applications”, 20th Vienna Motor Symposium, May 6-4 1999, VD Fortschrittsberichte Reihe 12, Nr. 376, 267-282
• 27 B. Amon, S. Fischer, L. Hofmann and J. Zuerbig, “The SINOx system for trucks to fulfil the futur emission regulations”, CAPoC 5 Brussels, April 14-16 2000
• 28 Siemens AG and TÜV Automotive, “Investigation on long-term stability of diesel DeNOx catalyst exhaust gas aftertreatment systems on 3 MAN and 10 DaimlerChrysler trucks - results of the 2nd Bavarian Road Test” - Final Report
• 29 N. Fritz, W. Mathes, J. Zürbig and R. Mueller, “On-road demonstration of NOx emission control for diesel trucks with SINOx urea SCR system”, SAE paper 1999-01-0111
• 30 W. Miller, J. Klein, R. Mueller, W. Doelling and J. Zürbig, “The development of urea-SCR technology for US Heavy-Duty Trucks”, SAE paper 2000-01-0190
• 31 E. Jacob, G. Emmerling, A. Döring, U. Graf, M. Harris, J. van den Tillart and B. Hupfcld, “Reduction of NOx from HD diesel Engines with urea SCR compact systems”, 19th Vienna Motor Symposium, May 3-5 1998, VDI Fortschrittsberichte Reihe 12, Nr. 348, 366-386
• 32 E. Jacob and A. Döring, “GD-Kat: Exhaust Treatment System for Simultaneous Carbon Particle Oxidation and NOx Reduction for Euro 4/5 Diesel HD Engines”, 21st Vienna Motor Symposium, May 4-5 2000
• 33 J. Gieshoff, A. Schäfer-Sindlinger, P.C. Spurk, J.A.A. van den Tillaart and G. Garr, “Improved SCR Systems for Heavy Duty Applications”, SAE 2000-01-0189
• 34 A. Mayer, J. Czerwinski, U. Matter, M. Wyser, Schiedegger, D. Kieser, Weidhofer, “VERT: Diesel Nano-Particulate Emissions: Properties and Reduction Strategies.” SAE 980539, Feb. 1998.
• 35 P. Zelenka et al, "Towards Securing the Particulate Trap Regeneration: A System Combining a Sintered Metal Filter and Cerium Addition", SAE 982598
• 36 P. N. Hawker et al, "Effect of a Continuously Regenerating Diesel Particulate Filter on Non- Regulated Emissions and Particle Size Distribution", SAE 980189
• 37 O. Salvat, P. Marez, G. Belot, “Passenger car serial application of a particulate filter system on a common rail direct injection diesel engine”, SAE 2000-01-0473, March 2000
• 38 R. Allansson, B. J. Cooper, J. E. Thoss, A. Uusimäki , A. P. Walker and J. P. Warren, “European experience of high mileage durability of continuously regenerating diesel particulate filter technology”, SAE 2000-01-0480, March 2000
• 39 T. Lanni, S. Chatteijee, R. Conway, H Windawi, et al, “Performance and durability evaluation of continuously regenerating particulate filters on diesel powered urban buses at NY city transit”, SAE 2001- 01-0511, March 2001
• 40 K. Voss et al, “Engelhard’s DPX catalysed soot filter technology for emissions reduction from Heavy-Duty Diesel engines with passive regeneration”, presentation given by R. Kakwani, SAE TOPTEC, Gothenburg, September 2000
• 41 M. Khair, J. Lemaire and S. Fischer, “Achieving Heavy-Duty Diesel NOx/PM levels below the EPA 2002 standards - an integrated solution”, SAE 2000-01-0187
• 42 M. Khair, J. Lemaire and S. Fischer, “Integration of EGR, SCR, DPF and fiiel-bome catalyst for NOx/PM reduction”, SAE 2000-01-1933
• 43 G.R. Chandler, B.J. Cooper, J.P. Harris, J.E. Thoss, A. Uusimäki, A.P. Walker and J.P. Warren, “An Integrated SCR and Continuously Regenerating Trap System to Meet Future NOx and PM Legislation”, SAE 2000-01-0188
• 44 R. Allansson, C. A. Maloney, A. P. Walker and J. P. Warren, “Sulfate Production over the CRT™: What Fuel sulphur Level is Required to Enable the EU 4 and EU 5 PM Standards to be Met?” SAE 2000-01-1875, June 2000
• 45 R.A. Searles, D. Bosteels, CH. Such, A.J Nicol, J.D. Andersson, C.A. Jemma, “Investigation of the Feasibility of Achieving Euro V Heavy-Duty Diesel Emission Limits with Advanced Emission Control Systems”, FISITA Paper F02E310 (Helsinki 2002)