Maritime transport - an environmental problem with ballast water : technical preventive measures

• Autorzy: Freda W. , Otremba Z.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The fast development of marine transport causes a lot of environmental concerns connected with possible accidents of ships transporting hazardous cargoes as well as oil pollution coming from an exploitation of engine rooms. Moreover, a significant problem is connected with a ballast water handling. The use of ballast water is necessary for the safe movement of large ships. Namely, in maritime transport a ship unloading causes a reduction in its draft - it is a cause of lower steering or even completely prevents the safe movement of the ship. Therefore, in place of the discharged freight the ballast water is collected (often just during the unloading). This water is pumped out from a ship at the site of re-loading. However, this implies the risk of transportation of living organisms over large distances, which (if at the point of discharge of ballast water will find suitable conditions) can become invasive species. Because of the risks involved in carriage of these organisms, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has developed rigorous standards for permissible amounts of organisms in the discharged ballast water. A number of methods of biological neutralization of ballast water, that meet the requirements of the IMO, have been developed. The topic of this paper is to review currently used methods of neutralization of ballast water. We consider clearing of ballast water from point of view of physics, especially by using electromagnetic radiation and ultrasonic waves.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

marine transport; ballast water; invasive species; environmental protection

• Wydawca: Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Aviation ; European Science Society of Powertrain and Transport KONES Poland ; Wydawnictwo Instytutu Technicznego Wojsk Lotniczych
• Czasopismo: Journal of KONES
• Rocznik: 2012
• Tom: Vol. 19, No. 2
• Strony: 153--158
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 10 poz., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Freda W.

autor

Otremba Z.

• Gdynia Maritime University Faculty of Marine Engineering Department of Physics Morska Street 81-87, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland tel.: [phone], fax: [phone],

Bibliografia

• [1] American Bureau of Shipping, Ballast Water Treatment Advisory, 2011, http://www.eagle.org/eagleExternalPortalWEB/ShowProperty/BEA%20Repository/References/ABS%20Advisories/BWTreatmentAdv, Retrieved on May 21, 2012.
• [2] Cangelosi, A., Knight, T., Balcer, M., Wright, D., Dawson, R., Blatchley, C., Reid, D., Mays, N., Taverna, J., Evaluating bioeffectiveness of flow-through mechanical ballastwater treatment systems (cyclonic separation + UV and filtration + UV) at the pilot- and full-scale, Presented at the Second International Conference on Marine Bioinvasions, New Orleans, LA, April 9–11, 2001.
• [3] Champ, M. A., Marine Testing Board for certification of ballast water treatment technologies, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 44, pp. 1327–1335, 2002.
• [4] David, M., Perkovic, M., Ballastwater sampling as a critical component of biological invasions risk management, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 49, pp. 313–318, 2004.
• [5] Endersen, Ø., Behrens, H. L., Brynestad, S., Andersen, A. B., Skjong, R., Challenges in global ballast water management, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 48, pp. 615–623, 2004.
• [6] Hewitt, C. L., Hayes, K. R., Risk assessment of marine biological invasions, E. Leppäkoski, S. Gollasch, S. Olenin (Eds.), Invasive Aquatic Species of Europe Distribution, Impact and Management, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, pp. 456–466, 2002.
• [7] International Maritime Organization, International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ BallastWater and Sediments, http://www.imo.org/blast/ mainframemenu.asp?topic_id=1124, Retrieved on May 21, 2012
• [8] Murphy, K. R., Ritz, D., Hewitt, C. L., Heterogeneous zooplankton distribution in a ship's ballast tanks, J. Plankton Res., Vol. 24 (7), pp. 729–734, 2002.
• [9] Paavola, M., Olenin, S., Leppäkoski, E., Are invasive species most successful in habitats of low native species richness across European brackish water seas?, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, Vol. 64, Is. 4, pp. 738-750, 2005.
• [10] Sapota, M. R., Skóra, K. E., Spreading of alien (non-indigenous) fish species Neogobius melanostomusin the Gulf of Gdańsk (South Baltic), Biol. Invasions, Vol. 7, pp. 157–164, 2005.