Changes of the 2-stroke aerosol in the exhaust sampling system

• Autorzy: Czerwinski J. , Comte P. , Mayer A. , Reutimann F.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Nanoparticle emissions of two 2-stroke scooters were investigated along the exhaust- and CVS-system (Constant Volume Sampling) with closed and with open line (cone). Due to their technology, the scooters produce different kind of aerosol (state of oxidation & SOF-content) and in addition to that they were operated with and without oxidation catalyst. The scooters represent a modern technology with direct injection TSDI* ) (two stroke direct injection) and with carburettor. The tests were performed at two constant speeds of the vehicles (20 km/h & 40 km/h) according to the measuring procedures, which were established in the previous research in the Swiss Scooter Network. The nanoparticulate emissions were measured by means of SMPS (CPC) and NanoMet (abbreviations see at the end of this paper). The most important results are: - the changes of the PSD's of the aerosol along the exhaust and CVS-system are connected to the average gas temperature and PC-concentration, which result after the different dilution steps and cooling down in the connecting pipe, - in the "open" variant of exhaust gas extraction there is a dilution step with unfiltered ambient air directly after tailpipe. This causes a stop of agglomeration, reduction of diffusion loses and increased background NPconcentration. There is also lower post oxidation of CO & HC. In some cases spontaneous condensates due to the temperature drop are supposed, - with the "closed" variant there is a stronger reduction of SMPS PC's along the gas way, than with the open variant. This is to explain with the higher temperatures and concentrations in the closed system, which enable more intense thermophoresis - and diffusion losses, - the NP-concentrations measured with "open" variant are always higher, - most intense oxidation is observed with Peugeot Carb: due to the SAS, rich tuning and a relatively high temperature level there are oxidation effects already without catalyst (temp. approx. 350 centigrade). With catalyst the temperature is in the range of 400centigrade and the oxidation is so intense, that the particles are nearly eliminated. The type of sampling: "open", or "closed" as well as the sampling position in the exhaust installation have significant influence on the measured nanoparticles emission results.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

scooters; two-stroke direct injection; carburettor; 2-stroke aerosol; nanoparticulate emissions

• Wydawca: Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Aviation ; European Science Society of Powertrain and Transport KONES Poland ; Wydawnictwo Instytutu Technicznego Wojsk Lotniczych
• Czasopismo: Journal of KONES
• Rocznik: 2012
• Tom: Vol. 19, No. 2
• Strony: 109--119
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 7 poz., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Czerwinski J.

autor

Comte P.

autor

Mayer A.

autor

Reutimann F.

• University of Applied Sciences, Biel-Bienne, Switzerland (AFHB) Gwerdtstrasse 5, 2560 Nidau, Suisse tel.:[phone], fax: [phone],

Bibliografia

• [1] Czerwinski, J., Comte, P., Napoli, S, Wili, Ph., Summer Cold Start and Nanoparticulates of Small Scooters, Report B086 for BUWAL (SAEFL) Bern, Lab. For Exhaust Gas Control, Univ. of Appl. Sciences, SAE Techn. Paper 2002-01-1096, Biel-Bienne, Switzerland 2000.
• [2] Czerwinski, J., Comte, P., Limited Emissions and Nanoparticles of a Scooter with 2-stroke Direct Injection (TSDI), SAE Techn. Paper 2003-01-2314.
• [3] Czerwinski, J., Comte, P., Reutimann, F., Nanoparticle Emissions of a DI 2-Stroke Scooter with varying Oil- and Fuel Quality, SAE Techn. Paper 2005-01-1101.
• [4] Czerwinski, J., Comte, P., Larsen, B., Martini, G., Mayer, A., Research on Particle Emisions of modern 2-S Scooters, SAE Techn. Paper 2006-01-1078.
• [5] Czerwinski, J., Comte, P., Astorga, C., Rey, M., Mayer, A., Reutimann, F., (Nano) Particle from 2-S Scooters, SOF / INSOF, Improvements of Aftertreatment, Toxicity. AFHB, JRC, TTM, BAFU, SAE Techn. Paper 2007-01-1089.
• [6] Czerwinski, J., Comte, P., Violetti, N., Landri, P., Mayer, A., Reutimann, F., Catalyst Aging and Effects on Particle Emissions of 2-Stroke Scooters, SAE Techn. Paper 2008-01-0455.
• [7] Czerwinski, J., Comte, P., Mayer, A, Reutimann, F, Zürcher, D., Reduction Potentials of Particle Emissions of 2-S Scooters with Combinations of Technical Measures, FISITA, Paper F2008-09-014, Congress Proceedings Vol. IV, p. 100, ATZ / ATZauto technology, Springer Automotive Media, Wiesbaden,D, Munich, Germany 2008.