Assessment of visibility on pedestrian crossing - computational model

• Autorzy: Tomczuk P.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

As statistical analyses conducted by The National Police Headquarters indicate, pedestrian crossing which is supposed to be a safe place for unprotected participants of road traffic is an area where about 10% of road accidents occur in which at least 3500 persons are injured, and over 200 die annually. Despite constant development of road infrastructure in Poland, this situation fails to improve in the expected way. Several reasons of this state of affairs can be detected. Undoubtedly a decisive factor in pedestrian safety at night-time is ensuring the drivers proper observation conditions of pedestrian crossings. The article will present assessment of lighting of pedestrian crossings making use of Small Target Visibility model. Due to the use of luminance and contrast criterion, it is possible to assess visibility level - a key parameter responsible for perception of a pedestrian by a driver on pedestrian crossings. Graphic chart showing accidents with pedestrian participation in the European Union, target for visibility research by means of STV method on pedestrian crossing, visibility level VL by means of STV method, Location of objects on pedestrian crossing by means of STV method, pedestrian crossing illuminated by lighting frames, visibility level on pedestrian crossing obtained as a result of lighting frames illumination from the first and second observation direction are presented in the paper.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

transport; pedestrian lighting; road lighting; luminance; STV

• Wydawca: Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Aviation ; European Science Society of Powertrain and Transport KONES Poland ; Wydawnictwo Instytutu Technicznego Wojsk Lotniczych
• Czasopismo: Journal of KONES
• Rocznik: 2011
• Tom: Vol. 18, No. 2
• Strony: 411--418
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 11 poz., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Tomczuk P.

• Warsaw University of Technology, Transport Department 75 Koszykowa Street, 00-662Warsaw, Poland phone: [phone], fax: [phone],

Bibliografia

• [1] Martin, A. Factors Influencing Pedestrian Safety: A Literature Review, TRL Report PPR241, Crowthorne, UK: Transport Research Laboratory, 2006.
• [2] Hunter, W., Stutts, J., Pein, W., Cox, C., Pedestrians and Bicycle Crash Types of the Early 1990s, Report No. FHWA-RD-95-163, Federal Highway Administration, Washington 1996.
• [3] Statistical report, Road accidents In Poland in 2009, The National Police Headquarters 2010.
• [4] Statistical data of European Commission on Transport, http://ec.europa.eu.
• [5] CIE 115:2010 Recommendations for the Lighting of Roads for Motor and Pedestrian Traffic International Commission on Illumination.
• [6] IESNA-RP-8-00 American National Standard Practice for Roadway Lighting Illuminating Engineering Society of North America, New York 2000.
• [7] Clanton & Associates, Inc. CDOT Lighting Design Guide, USA 2006.
• [8] Adrian, W., Visibility of Targets: Model for Calculations, Lighting Research and Technology, 21, pp. 181-188, 1989.
• [9] CIE 115:2010, Recommendations for the Lighting of Roads for Motor and Pedestrian Traffic International Commission on Illumination.
• [10] Adrian, W., Gibbons, R., Fields of Visibility of the Nighttime Driver, Light&Engineering, 3, pp. 1-12, 1995.
• [11] Dialux software producer www.dial.com.