Modernizm a planowanie miast po II wojnie światowej : Nowe Tychy jako przykład

• Autorzy: Gzell S.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Modernism and town planning after second world war : Nowe Tychy - new town case study

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

Nowe Tychy is a political phenomenon. Its construction is the outcome of a Government decision undertaken by the Council of Ministers in 1950. It formed an integral part of the decentralization policy formulated for the major Silesian cities, giving an incentive for inhabitants' migration to the new coalmines located outside the boundaries of existing cities. In 1951, an initial city plan was created and rejected by the government. A competition, won by the team formed by Kazimierz Wejchert and Hanna Adamczewska (later: Hanna Adamczewska-Wejchert), was announced. The government in 1953 accepted the new plan. Since then, the city has been under constant construction, the plan has been, and still is, verified but its basic concept and urban plan concept have remained unchanged. Criticism of Nowe Tychy has become a tradition; the issue is revived simultaneously with each political change. Still it should be remembered that until 1989, each of the consecutive Polish governments having a major influence on the city building procedures operated in a form widely different from the urban planning expectations. This further means that whatever the initial urban plan of Nowe Tychy, its fate would have been the same as the Wejchert Concept. One of the Nowe Tychy features - "a city of politics" - was that it should have been "a socialist city". In 1951, this meant that the city should differ from the 19th Century Capitalist Town. To achieve the aim of free construction on the surrounding rural landscape, in accordance with the CIAM's ideas, the fields were bought from the farmers for a symbolic price. This further meant that external expansion left a void in the city center. The fields were built up with prefabricated residential buildings - following CIAM rules. This did not happen without a reason. The jury council formed for the competition in 1951 consisted from the modernist experts. They chose a plan, which was nearest to their expectations. Their choice fell upon a fertile soil - in accordance with the after war urban planners - modern social ideas were worth to be realized. Hence, urban modernistic plans were created - Nowe Tychy. Its form was modified; additional regional features were taken into consideration. Sometimes, due to the government's interventions, certain elements were caricaturised. Nevertheless, the city of Nowe Tychy still belongs to the same group as the new British cities, Stockholm's satellites and the city of Brasil.

• Wydawca: Komitet Architektury i Urbanistyki PAN ; Politechnika Warszawska, Wydział Architektury
• Czasopismo: Kwartalnik Architektury i Urbanistyki
• Rocznik: 2000
• Tom: T. 45, z. 2
• Strony: 149--155

Twórcy

autor

Gzell S.

• Zakład Projektowania Przestrzeni dla Społeczności Lokalnych PW