Mathematical model of sequentially controlled activated sludge processes

• Autorzy: Metzger M.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Reduced order model of the activated sludge process dynamics, presented in the paper, can be treated as a compromise between simplicity (needed for control purposes) and complexity (needed for process behaviour description). Proper calibration of reduced order models is a very difficult task. A new strategy of the model calibration for two different-type sequentially controlled processes (sequentially operated continuous process and sequencing batch reactor) is presented. The proposed method accepts typical values of the model parameters and is based on the fitting of the measured process responses by manipulation of only two model parameters: the initial values of heterotrophic and autotrophic biomass concentrations. Discussion of the response fitting possibilities by changes of XBH and XBA in bio-acceptable limits, as well as validation results for experimental data from two pilot plants, show very promising application of the method.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

activated sludge; biomass fractions; modelling and simulation; model calibration; nitrogen removal; reduced order model; sequencing processes

• Wydawca: Polish Academy of Sciences, Committee of Automatic Control and Robotics
• Czasopismo: Archives of Control Sciences
• Rocznik: 1999
• Tom: Vol. 9, no. 3/4
• Strony: 111--133
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 48 poz., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Metzger M.

• Institute of Automatic Control, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Akademicka 16 Poland

Bibliografia

• [1] A. Andreottola , G. Bortone And A. Tilche : Experimental validation of a simulation and design model for nitrogen removal in sequencing batch reactors. Wat. Sci. Tech., 35(1), (1997), 113-120.
• [2] B. B. Baykal : Small activated sludge performance and viability characteristics under intermittent and reduced flows. Wat. Sci Tech., 28(10), (1993), 309-316.
• [3] D. Choinski : Distributed systems of monitoring, simulation and control of WWTP. Ph.D. Thesis, Silesian Technical University, 1996.
• [4] R. Dupont and M. Henze : Modelling of the secondary clarifier combined with the activated sludge model No. 1. Wat. Sci. Tech., 25(6), (1992), 285-300.
• [5] G. A. Ekama P. L. Dold and G. V. R. Marais : Procedures for determining influent COD fractions and the maximum specific growth rate of heterotrophs in activated sludge systems. Wat. Sci. Tech., 18(6), (1986), 91-114.
• [6] G. E. Ekama and M. C. Wentzel : Denitrification kinetics in biological N and P removel activated sludge systems treating municipal wastewaters. Wat. Sci Techn., 39(6), (1999), 69-77.
• [7] L. Fernandes , K. J. Kennedy and Z. Ning : Dynamic modelling of substrate degradation in sequencing batch anaerobic reactors (SBAR). Wat. Res., 27(11), (1993), 1619-1628.
• [8] W. Gujer , M. Henze , T. Mino And M. V. Loosdrecht : Activated Sludge Model No. 3. Wat. Sci. Tech., 39(1), (1999), 183-193.
• [9] M. Henze : Theories for estimation of the fraction of denitrifiers in combined nitrifying-denitrifying treatment plants. Wat. Res., 21(12), (1987), 1521-1524.
• [10] M. Henze , C. P. L. Grady J R ., W. Gujer , G. V. R. Marais and T. Matsuo : Activated Sludge Model No. 1. IAWPRC Scientific and Technical Report No. 1, IAWPRC, London, 1987.
• [11] M. Henze , C. P. L. Grady J R ., W. Gujer , G. V. R. Marais and T. Matsuo : A general model for single-sludge wastewater treatment system-abbreviated report. Water Research, 21(5), (1987), 505-515.
• [12] B. R. Horntvedt, M. Rambekk and R. Bakke : Oscillating conditions for influencing the compositions of mixed biological cultures. Wat. Sci. Tech., 37(4-5), (1998), 259-262.
• [13] G. Ibrahim and A. E. Abasaeed : Modelling of sequencing batch reactors. Wat. Res., 29(7), (1995), 1761-1766.
• [14] R. L. Irvine and W. B. Davis : Use of Sequencing Batch Reactors for Waste Treatment - CPC International, Corpus Christi, Texas. In Proc. of the 26th Ann. Purdue Indust. Waste Conf., 26, (1971), 450-426.
• [15] R. L. Irvine , P. A. Wilderer and H. C. Flemming : Controlled unsteady state processes and technologies - an overview. Wat. Sci. Techn., 35(1), (1997), 1-10.
• [16] S. Isaacs and M. Henze : Controlled carbon source addition to an alternating nitrification-denitrification wastewater process. Wat. Res., 29(1), (1995), 77-89.
• [17] S. Isaacs : Automatic adjustement of cyclic length a and aeration time for improved nitrogen removal in an alternating activated sludge process. Wat. Res., 27(11), (1997), 225-232.
• [18] U. Jeppson and G. Olsson : Reduced order models for on-line parameter identification of the activated sludge process. Wat. Sci. Tech., 28(11-12), (1993), 173-183.
• [19] P. E. Jorgensen T. Eriksen , and B. K. Jensen : Estimation of viable biomass in wastewater and activated sludge by determination of ATP, oxygen utilization rate and FDA hydrolysis. Wat.Res., 26(11), (1992), 1495-1501.
• [20] S. Julien J. P. Babary and P. Lessard : Theoretical and practical identifiability of a reduced order model in an activated sludge process doing nitrification and denitrification. Wat. Sci. Tech., 37(12), (1997), 309-316.
• [21] J. Kappeler And W. Gujer : Estimation of kinetic parameters of heterotrophic biomass under aerobic conditions and characterization of wastewater for activated sludge modelling. Wat. Sci. Tech., 25(6), (1992), 125-139.
• [22] R. G. Kavanaugh and C. W. Randall : Bacterial populations in a biological nutrient removal plant. Wat.Sci. Tech., 29(7), (1994), 25-34.
• [23] L. H. Ketchum , Jr.: Design and physical features of sequencing batch reactors. Wat. Sci. Tech., 35(1), (1997), 11-18.
• [24] G. H. Kristenses , P. E. Jorgensen and M. Henze : Characterization of functional microorganism groups and substrate in activated sludge and wastewater by AUR, NUR and OUR. Wat. Sci Tech., 25(6), (1992), 43-57.
• [25] G. H. Kristenses , J. C. Jansen and P. E. Jorgensen : Batch test procedures as tools for calibration of the activated sludge model - a pilot scale demonstration. Wat. Sci Tech., 37(4-5), (1998), 235-242.
• [26] M. Metzger : Real-time simulation of the biological activated sludge process. In Computer Simulation in Biology, Ecology and Medicine, (ed. M. Kotva), Simulation Council, Inc., San Diego, (1992), 92-96.
• [27] M. Metzger : Fast-mode real-time simulator for the wastewater treatment process. Wat. Sci. Tech., 30(4), (1994), 191-197.
• [28] M. Metzger , J. P. Babary, P. Gendreau B. Capdeville And S. Plisson-Saune : Modelling, simulation and on-off control of a single sludge wastewater process. First IMACS/IFAC International Symposium on Mathematical Modelling and Simulation in Agriculture and Bio-Industries. Brussels, III (1995), V.C.1-1 - V.C. 1-6.
• [29] M. Metzger and J. Sikora : Modelling and simulation of carbon and nitrogen biodegradation in sequencing batch reactors. In Proceedings of 11th European Simulation Multiconference, (ed. A. R. Kaylan and A. Lehmann), Simulation Councils Inc., (1997), 680-684.
• [30] M. Metzger and J. P. Babary : Modelling of periodically operated, continuous activated sludge process for comparative simulation of on-off control algorithms. Syst. Anal. Mod. Sim., 34(4), (1999), 479-493.
• [31] M. Metzger : (2000) Reduced order model calibration for sequentially operated activated sludge processes - case of small data set. First IWA Congress, Paris 2000, CD Edition.
• [32] E. V. Munch , Lant and J. Keller : Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in bench-scale sequencing batch reactors. Wat. Res., 30(2), (1996), 277-284.
• [33] O. Novak , A. Franz , K. Svardal , V. Muller and V. Kuhn : Parameter estimation for activated sludge models with the help of mass balances. Wat. Sci Tech. 39(4), (1999), 113-120.
• [34] J. Oles and P. A. Wilderer : Computer aided design of sequencing batch reactors based on the IAWPRC activated sludge model. Wat. Sci. Tech., 23 (1991), 1087-1095.
• [35] D. Orhon and N. Artan : Modelling of Activated Sludge Systems. Technomic, Basel, 1994.
• [36] P. Pflanz : Performance of (activated sludge) secondary sedimentation basins. In S.H. Jenkins, ed., Advances in Water Pollution Research , Pergamon Press, London, (1969), 569-581.
• [37] S. Plisson-Saune , B. Capdeville , M. Mauret, A. Deguin and P. Baptiste : Real-time control of nitrogen removal using three ORP bending-points: signification, control strategy and results. Wat. Sci. Tech., 33(1), (1996), 275-280
• [38] H. Spanjers , P. A. Vanrolleghem , G. Ollson and P. L. Dold : Respirometry in Control of the Activated Sludge Process: Principles. IAWQ Scientific and Technical Report No. 7, IAWQ, London, 1998.
• [39] H. Spanjers and P. Vanrolleghem : Respirometry as a tool for rapid characterization of wastewater and activated sludge. Wat. Sci. Tech., 31(2), 105-114.
• [40] M. Sperandio , V. Urbain , J. M. Audic and E. Paul : Use of carbon dioxide evolution rate for determining heterotrophic yield and characterising denitrifying biomass. Wat. Sci. Tech., 39(1), (1999), 139-146.
• [41] J. Surmacz-Gorska , A. Selvet, K. Miksch , J. Sikora and B. Czerska : Oxygen uptake rate and redox potential measurements as control parameters of wastewater treatment plant performance. In Preprints of the First IAWQ Conference on Sequencing Batch Reactor Technology, (ed. Peter Wilderer), Munchen, (1996), 559-565.
• [42] P. A. Vanrolleghem , H. Spanjers , B. Petersen , P. Ginestet and I. Takacs : Estimating (combinations of) Activated Sludge Model No. 1 parameters and components by respirometry. Wat. Sci Tech., 39(1), (1999), 195-214.
• [43] O. Wanner , J. Kappeler and W. Gujer : Calibration of an activated sludge model based on human expertise and on a mathematical optimization technique - a comparison. Wat. Sci. Tech., 25(6), (1992), 141-148.
• [44] D. G. Warecham , D. S. Mavinic and K. J. Hall : Sludge digestion using ORP-regulated aerobic-anoxic cycles. Wat. Res., 28(2), (1994), 373-384.
• [45] C. L. Weddle And D. Jenkins : The viability and activity of activated sludge. Wat. Res., 5 (1971), 621-640.
• [46] M. C. Wentzel , M. F. Ubisi and G. E. Ekama : Heterotrophic active biomass component of activayed sludge mixed liquor. Wat. Sci Tech., 37(4-5), (1998), 79-87.
• [47] P. A. Wilderer and E. D. Schroeder : Anwendung des Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR). T.U. Hamburg-Harburg, 1986.
• [48] P. A. Wilderer , R. L. Irvine and J. Doellerer : Sequencing Batch Reactor Technology Batch Application of Periodic Unsteady-State Processes. Wat. Res. 27(11), (1997)