Kościół kanoników regularnych laterańskich w Mstowie

• Autorzy: Dettloff P.

Warianty tytułu

EN

The Canons Regular Church in Mstów

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

The church of the canons regular in Mst˘w near CzŠstochowa dates back to 1718-1748 when it was built upon the initiative of Rev. Jan Wadysaw Zakrzowski, the then provost of the local church. k The building was granted its basic form in 1718-1746, and the work conducted after 1738 entailed probably only the reconstruction of two pillars, damaged during a building accident, and the ceilings. The eighteenth-century shape of the church, consecrated in 1748, survived, without greater transformations. Only the tower helmets, damaged twice by fire (in 1766 and 1800), as well as the gables, rebuilt after the fires and in 1878, changed their original appearance. The present-day Baroque church in Mst˘w replaced its predecessor (founded in the twelfth century), although the shape and size of the mediaeval monastic buildings as well as the church pulled down in 1718 remain unknown. There is no archival and material evidence which would enable a recognition of the plan of the standing church as Romanesque, as has been assumed up to now. The plan and spatial premise of the discussed church, albeit certainly not advantgarde, has close analogies in Baroque sacral architecture. It is patterned after the scheme of the premise of the collegiate church of St. Anne in Cracow (1683-1704), echoed in the Philippine church in Studzianna-PowiŠtne (first quater of the eighteenth century) and, in a modified version, in the parish church in Modzawy t (1716-1740). The church of the canons regular in Mst˘w belongs to the traditional current of Polish architecture from the first half of the eighteenth century. The anonymous builder of this electic edifice combined elements and architectonic solutions derived from assorted artistic milieus and regions of Poland, i.e. primarily Little Poland and Mazovia. The plan and spatial configuration of the Mst˘w church not only refers to the church of St. Anne in Cracow but also, in its overall premise, is a derivative of two other largest seventeenth-century Cracow churches, namely, the church of St. Peter and Paul and the Bernardine church. In relation to the collegiate church of St. Anne, the architectonic programme in Mst˘w was reduced by a copula, supplanted by cross valuting. This reduction, probably dictated by financial and construction difficulties, was a relatively frequent phenomenon in Polish conditions. The shorter arms of the transept in Mst˘w, with a charakteristic two-sphere system of windows, were modelled on an identical solution applied in the presbytery of the Paulite basilica on Jasna G˘ra in CzŠstochowa (rebuilt in the Baroque style in 1690-1693). On the other hand, the chapel functions of the transept in the collegiate church of St. Anne in Cracow and the Dominican church in nearby Gidle. The nave corps of the Mst˘w church is an exact replica, on a larger scale, of the scheme of the nave parts of churches erected by the emulators of Tylman of Gameren, who continued the Classicizing manner of this outstanding architect (i.e. the Piarist church in Szczuczyn (1701-1711), the parish church in Wągrów (1703-1706) and the Paulite (1707-1717) and Augustine (first half of the eighteenth century) churches in Warsaw). Distinct stylistic borrowing is demonstrated by stucco, frame-batten ceiling decorations, still encountered at this time in Little Poland. Stylistically more advanced appears to be the entablature system in the interior, a version employed fo the first time by the architect Karol Bay and increasingly universal in the first quater of the eighteenth century. Seventeenth-century tradition is visible in the shaping of the facade, which referred to the still widespread "block" model of two-tower church elevations from the last quater of the seventeenth century. Its general scheme could have been influenced also by the facade of the Dominican church in nearby Gidle (1632-1644). The aclassical accumulation of architectonic orders on the elevations of the eastern part of the church (at present obliterated due to incorrect restoration conducted in the 1960s) seems to be an original solution, not encountered in Polish architecture. The church of the canons regular in Mst˘w reveals several architectonic and plastic motifs borrowed from the nearby Paulite church and monastery in Częstochowa: the above menitioned two-sphere system of windows in the eastern part of the church; an entrance in front of the facade (at present deformed), referring to the so-called Lubomirski Gate, containing the main entrance to the Jasna Góra sanctuary; the marmarized grand order pillars in the church interior, whose counterpart is the interior of the Jasna Góra basilica; and, finally the form of the main altar, faithfully modelled on the altar in the Paulite basilica. The occurrence of those elements was probably dictated by a wish to emulate as well as an attempt at sui generis competition. The monastic building, adjoining the Mstów church to the north, frequently rebuilt and at present quite styleless, demonstrates an irregular scheme of the premise, as a rule encountered in the monasteries of the Lateran canons. The fortification of the church and monastery, which, according to heretofore findings, dates back probably to the first half of the seventeenth century, is an interesting example of an already then anachronic bastion defensive system, which fulfilled not so much a military as a guardian and "symbolic" function. Despite the fact that against the backdrop of the architecture of the period the church of the canons regular in Mstow does not belong to avantgarde solutions, it remains a building worthy of attention. Ist authors skillfully combined local architectonic tradition with tje Classicizing style and workshop conceptions of the Warsaw continuators of Tylman of Gameren. The church is a rather rare copy of the plan of the church of St. Anne in Cracow, and the shaping of the nave part makes it possible to regard it as one of tthe scare representatives of Classicizing Baroque, at the time already waning, which was the most fashionable stylistic current in Polish architecture at the turn of the seventeenth centure. The discussed object is also an exellent illustration of the continuation of certain motifs in local construction tradition. The Mstów church should be acknowledged as an outstanding example of the traditional trend in Polish architecture during the first half of the eighteenth century. Up to now, there are no studies on traditionalism im Polish architecture of this period; the attention of the researchers is focused primarilly on Late Baroque stylistically developed works. Meanwhile, avantgarde architectonic realistaions were accompanied by numerous buildings which utilised new artistic patterns only to a slight degree, and which referred to models that assumed shape in the previous century.

• Wydawca: Komitet Architektury i Urbanistyki PAN ; Politechnika Warszawska, Wydział Architektury
• Czasopismo: Kwartalnik Architektury i Urbanistyki
• Rocznik: 1998
• Tom: T. 43, z. 4
• Strony: 291--307
• Opis fizyczny: fot., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Dettloff P.