Helena i Szymon Syrkusowie : koncepcje typizacji i uprzemysłowienia architektury mieszkaniowej

• Autorzy: Roguska J.
• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

Helena (1900-1982) and Szymon (1893-1964 Syrkus were the leaders of Polish avant-garde architecture of the twenties and the thirties of the 20th century. They acknowledged solving the problem of the flats' insufficiency as their professional challange. In 1925 S. Syrkus presented concepts of increasing flats' availibility, by making flats cheaper due to the industrialization of the building industry and basing design on the rules of typical character and repeatability. Such vision of architecture, combined with aiming at its new form and the new rules for building the cities brought the Syrkuses close to the international modern movement. They participated in the foundation pf CIAM and in the successive congresses. H. Syrkus was the secretary of CIAM in 1933 and after the war she became a vice-chairman in 1947. In 1926 H. and S. Syrkus joined a Polish avant-garde group named Praesens and they were animators of a periodical published under the same name. H. and S. Syrkus were uniting the activity both in the field of theory and practice. In the years of 1930-1931 they prepared a study titled: "Mass production of the flats, complex view of the problem from the repetitive detail, types of flats and houses to the wider scope of suburb and the city". The steel skeleton structure was to be the basis of the architectural solutions, together with industrialization of elements' production and assembling. In 1939 the Syrkuses and Praesens designed a housing estate for the Warsaw Housing Cooperative in Rakowiec that was built in the years 1934-1938. They adopted a rule of linear building, repeatability of one type of a minimal flat (30 sq. meters), ascetic external form and a wide program of the common social services.They took up experiments with the skeleton structure in their designs for private investors, using steel skeleton in the sanatorium building in Konstancin (1930) and reinforced concrete structure in the low rise housing unit built in Warsaw after 1935 (Katowicka St 26, Walecznych St 12, Estoäska St 8), as well as in multi storey tenement-houses (among others on Jaworzyäska St 6, 9/11, 13/15). After the earlier influence of Bauhaus around 1930, they were inclining towards Le Corbusier's aestethics in the following years. In 1947-1950 they implemented their earlier studies and experiences while building Koo II housing estate in h Warsaw which was and interpretation of the housing estate's rules, flats design and typical houses design rules and advanced prefabrication of the elements on the building site. Following the same ideas Praga I housing estate was built in Warsaw in 1948-1952. In 1949 the Syrkuses got involved in the teaching work at the Architecture Faculty of the Warsaw University of Technology. In 1954 they once again took up the topics of classification according to type and industrialization pf the housing architecture, preparing a series of prefabrication systems projects. Polish architecture was at the time already heading towards heavy prefabrication of the sixties and the seventies. The ideas that were followed by both of them, their experiences and involvement in the international modern movement were summarized by Helena Syrkus in her book titled "Towards the idea of the social housing estate" which was published in 1976.

• Wydawca: Komitet Architektury i Urbanistyki PAN ; Politechnika Warszawska, Wydział Architektury
• Czasopismo: Kwartalnik Architektury i Urbanistyki
• Rocznik: 2000
• Tom: T. 45, z. 2
• Strony: 105--119
• Opis fizyczny: Fot., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Roguska J.

• Politechnika Warszawska, Zakład Historii Architektury Powszechnej PW