Cechy regionalne architektury schronisk górskich w Sudetach

• Autorzy: Suchodolski J.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Characteristic regional features of the architecture of mountain hostels in the Sudety Mts.

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

For centuries, the Sudety Mts., which comprise a natural fragment of the south-western Polish frontier, have been subjected to various forms of penetration. This process was associated with, i. a. the activity of prospectors, known as Walloons, searching for precious stones and metals, and later with the establishment of health resorts, whose springs attracted visitors from the most distant parts of Europe. One of the oldest local chronicles mentions the existence of a twelfth-century mining settlement in the Karkonosze range, on the site of the present-day locality of Kowary, and the foundation by the Joannites of Cieplice Śląskie (1288) where the first bathing facilities were set up. In the following centuries, the latter locality, situated at the foot of the Karkonosze Mts. and offering a magnificent view of the range, became Śnieżka - the highest peak of the Sudety Mts. Hiking, especially in the higher parts of the mountains, distant from settlements, created the need for even the simplest shelter which would offer refuge and conditions for spending nights on the trail. The oldest extant lithographs from the end of the eighteenth century and the beginning of the nineteenth century depict extremely humble buildings, which provided truly spartan amenities to the tourists of the period. The development of mass-scale tourism in the Sudety Mts., the establishment of mountaineering societies, and the construction of cable car railways and roads during the second half of the nineteenth century, and especially at the turn of that century, contributed to the emergence of numerous hostels endowed with unique and fascinating architecture and frequently offering a high standard of facilities. Tourist investments in the Sudety Mts., continued to the outbreak of the second world war, testify to the profitability of this branch of the German economy. The 1938/1939 season was one of the most successful during the inter-war period As evidenced by the number of tourists. The form and construction of the few new hostels built in the Sudety Mts. after 1945 did not refer to the rich heritage of the region. The best known is the hostel erected in 1976 on the peak of Mt. Śnieżka, designed by the architects Witold Lipiński and Waldemar Wawrzyniak in the shape of three reinforced concrete discs. The form and construction solutions of this object constitute an alien element in the local landscape, albeit its shape augments the resilience of the building, especially against the suction and pressure of the frequently blowing winds. The forms of buildings borrowed from other regions of Poland (e. g. Podhale) and transferred to the Sudety Mts., are also alien. One of the main reasons why the continuation of regional tradition in mountain hostel architecture has remained unresolved is the scarcity of postwar investments. The second reason lies in the lack of support for regionalism on the part of of territorial self-governments, which could have led to greater precision in defining the formal requirements (record in the local plan and at the level of regional planning) to be met by all objects erected in the Sudety Mts., including hostels.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

architektura sudecka; schronisko górskie

EN

architecture in Sudety region; mountain hostel

• Wydawca: Komitet Architektury i Urbanistyki PAN ; Politechnika Warszawska, Wydział Architektury
• Czasopismo: Kwartalnik Architektury i Urbanistyki
• Rocznik: 2001
• Tom: T. 46, z. 3
• Strony: 309--316
• Opis fizyczny: rys.

Twórcy

autor

Suchodolski J.