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Bricklaying and polemic motives - about problems with dating medieval brick buildings in Kalisz
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The author argues that the hypothesis that the Old Town area in Kalisz, Great Poland, surrounded by a medieval defensive wall could be considered an urban area which developed in the second half of the thirteenth century has no foundation and has to be refuted. There are hydrological and archaeological arguments in support of this opinion. The existence of St. Stanisław's Franciscan Church and St. Mikołaj's parish Church, both built at the end of the thirteenth century, in the southern part of this area is beyond doubt. On the basis of observations made during the excavations, the author proves that the area to the north of the line connecting the two churches was formed by a meander of the Prosna River. The sandy backwaters and old riverbeds stabilized only at the beginning of the fourteenth century and it was then that the area became suitable for building purposes. The riverbed on the border of the meander was still occupied by the river at the beginning of the seventeenth century. Traces of a fourteenth-century and later settlement were discovered during the archaeological works conduced in this area. The hypothesis that this area was inhabited by people in the thirteenth century was practically ruled out. This is why the author thinks that the thirteenth-century town was situated to the south of the two churches. Janusz Tomala contradicted this opinion in 2004. This researcher a priori expressed the view that the urban area enclosed by the city wall exactly corresponds to the location and shape of the thirteenth-century town. The author is of the opinion that assumptions of this sort always require proof and the results of the study carried out by the author prove that Janusz Tomala's supposition is unjustified. In the second part of his article, the author points out that in Kalisz brick walls built using the so-called Wendish course are characteristic not only of the thirteenth-century structures but of the fourteenth-century buildings as well. The stratigraphy of this kind of course found in brick walls in Kalisz does not correspond to their chronological stratigraphy. In at least two buildings, St. Stanisław's Church and the town's defensive wall, the Wendish course is chronologically divergent. It is separated by a fourteenth-century wall section built using the so-called Polish course. The connection between St. Stanisław's Church and the defensive wall standing above the riverbed of the Prosna River which was still referred to as the new river at the beginning of the seventeenth century is particularly important to our argument. To sum up: The author is of the opinion that the conclusion inferred from the above-presented line of reasoning rules out Tomala's assumption that the brick walls erected using the Wendish course date exclusively from the thirteenth century. The author believes that Tomala's interpretation is methodologically incorrect and that all hypotheses formed a priori and resulting from an attempt to date the urban layout to an earlier time should be refuted. Taking into consideration the obvious facts presented above, the layout of the Old Town in Kalisz has to be dated to the fourteenth century and the time of the rule in Poland of King Casimir the Great.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
194--200
Opis fizyczny
rys.
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autor
Bibliografia
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-article-BSW1-0037-0006
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