Ewolucja portali trzynastowiecznych w kościołach śląskich

• Autorzy: Kozaczewska-Golasz H.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Evolution of 13th century portals in silesian churches

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

The article constitutes a summary of the author's research into 13th century portals. Silesian city, monastery and village churches were decorated with portals with different composition, architectural and sculpture detail and methods of jamb fragmentation. Five types of portals were separated: two (jamb and offset portals without stanchions) are more moderate whilst the remaining ones are: offset portals with stanchions, with or without profiled jambs, profiled portals without offsets called perspective portals. Changes in shaping jambs, bases and capitals and archivolts, initiated in approximately 1230, created many possibilities for composition. Four directions in shaping portals may be differentiated. The first direction used traditional offset systems with stanchions, from 1230 (Świerzawa, Głuchołazy) introducing half-almond profiles and hollows on the jambs' corners, then also more diversified ones. The capitals were rich with sculptural decorations. The last example of this direction originated from the sixties of the 13th century. The second direction, initiated from approximately 1235 in the St. Maciej church in Wrocław, is characterised by a greater plasticity of jambs thanks to almond profiles and deep hollows. Detached or embedded stanchions had chalice capitals without ornaments. Profiled jambs smoothly transformed into the archivolt. The first portal of the third direction was the portal to the chapel of the Bishop's Manor in Wrocław, which was erected in approximately 1235. It was characteristic for its limitation in architectural fragmentation to elements, without area of capitals. This direction was continued until the end of the century and later. The portals of the fourth direction, without offsets with stanchions, composed from protrusion profiles and hollows not creating offsets, were applied from approximately 1250. Their jambs has bases and capitals of various forms and decorations. Fragmented portals were also applied in the 14th century.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

architektura sakralna; kościoły; portale

EN

sacral architecture; churches; portals

• Wydawca: Komitet Architektury i Urbanistyki PAN ; Politechnika Warszawska, Wydział Architektury
• Czasopismo: Kwartalnik Architektury i Urbanistyki
• Rocznik: 2005
• Tom: T. 50, z. 3-4
• Strony: 174--193
• Opis fizyczny: fot., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Kozaczewska-Golasz H.