Plany Kolegiów Jezuickich z teki Zawadzkiego

• Autorzy: Paszenda J.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Plans of Jesuit Colleges from the Zawadzki file

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

Jesuits have built many churches and colleges in Poland. The more important, larger and better kept are more known. Many other remain unnoticed. Many of them do not exist anymore. Their old plans could help with familiarisation. Unfortunately, there are very few of these from Jesuits times. Although the construction designs were made, when the churches were built the plans became worn out during the construction. Those that survived are mainly the rejected ones, as they were immediately archived. Existing buildings were measured and drawn only in exceptional cases. The plans of the existing building in Cracow, along with the initiated church, were taken to Rome by the retiring superior Garcias Alabiano in 1599, probably to demonstrate his achievements to his superiors. In Lublin, Giacomo Briano drew the design of the college, and separately of the already built church and neighbouring old buildings. No building measurements or even descriptions were made during the annual provincial visitation. The first indexing drawings were generated only after the order's abolition. Supervisors in Vilnius ordered the cleric Michał Sienicki to prepare a plan of the entire Academy. It is not known whether the same occurred in other cities. Mathematics teachers prepared measurement plans within exercises with their pupils. We also know about plans generated in Kovno and Słuck. Several sources confirm that visitators ordered the preparation of the college plans and for them to be sent to Szkoła Główna [Main School] or to KEN [National Education Commission] (Żytomierz, Winnica, Kowno, Kroże, Nieśwież, Pińsk). However, these have not so far been found. Hence plans were made when changing users and adapting for new purposes. In this situation, the plans ordered by KEN and generated by Zawadzki are of great value. Unfortunately, these drawings were lost during the war. Some of them survived in the form of amateur photographs, currently stored in the Jesuit's archive in Cracow. The first information about these drawings was provided by Franciszek Maksymilian Sobieszczański in 1849. In 1928, Zygmunt Batowski, Warsaw University professor and head of the University Library , when describing the graphic collection, quoted the complete title of the Zawadzki File, however he did not provide any more details. For the third time, Witold Kieszkowski rewrote this title in 1936, but he omitted the list of drawings. Twenty years later, Irena Malinowska issued a monograph of the architect Zawadzki where she again mentioned the Zawadzki File: "In 1773, the Commission of National Education assumed possession of some of the buildings after the abolition of the Jesuits order. It appointed Zawadzki as the commission's architect, entrusting him with indexing of the buildings and developing designs to adapt them for educational purposes. Zawadzki finished this laborious task before 1780". As can be seen, the date when the plans were made is not given. The file "was already incomplete during the architect's life, and was lost during the last war". Stanisława Sawicka clarified that "all these collections were lost in a fire in October 1944 when the Germans set fire to the building after completion of all military actions". It is still a mystery what these drawings, lost before 1788, presented. They were approximately 45 of them. Maybe they included measurements of Lublin and Toruń? All plans were lost in 1944. Only those which were photographed and published before the war survived. These pictures, despite their defects, are valuable as they saved one third of the entire collection. All the surviving plans from the Zawadzki File are enclosed here.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

architektura sakralna; kolegia jezuickie

EN

sacral architecture; jesuit colleges

• Wydawca: Komitet Architektury i Urbanistyki PAN ; Politechnika Warszawska, Wydział Architektury
• Czasopismo: Kwartalnik Architektury i Urbanistyki
• Rocznik: 2005
• Tom: T. 50, z. 3-4
• Strony: 163--173
• Opis fizyczny: rys.

Twórcy

autor

Paszenda J.