Dekoracje kamienic krakowskich z przełomu XIX i XX wieku

• Autorzy: Makowska B.

Warianty tytułu

EN

Decoration of Kraków tenements of the turn of 19th and 20th centuries

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

National temperament and traditions added specific local quality to Poland's architecture of the turn of the 19th century; this quality was supported by characteristically shaped details and ornaments. This can be very well illustrated by the work of Kraków architects who attempted to retain local and vernacular character of the architecture in that town. The so-called "Kraków school" was well known for its attempts to create its own interpretation of immigration processes based on traditionalism, non-standard decorative quality and the presence of decorative elements characteristic for painting, which was decisive for the artistic expression of architecture. At that time, developers in Kraków began to build tenement houses of high technical and functional standards, with individual, valuable formal solutions. The development of this housing standard was supported by the migration of affluent land gentry of Galicia region, who commissioned their houses, villas and palaces with renowned architects (Talowski, Odrzywolski, Pokutyński, Stryjeński, Szyszko-Bohusz, Ekielski, Zaremba, Pryliński itp). Decorations of facades of these houses, made by renowned artisans, have considerable significance for the national heritage. At the turn of the 19th century, the architecture in Kraków evolved from Romantic historicism, going through its final stage which manifested itself in formal eclecticism and other phenomena and had developed into Art Nouveau. Architects often resigned from departing from traditional composition principles, in favour of a natural and evolutionary combination of eclectic and art nouveau motives which made the facades look "modern". Most of the tenement houses do not have full features of Art Nouveau; it is restricted to decorations only. Decorations from that period combine geometrical motives typical for Viennese Art Nouveau with plant motives; decorations are most often reduced to clearly separated areas. Geometrical ornaments often emphasise vertical directions, while plant motives are most often horizontal. Characteristically enough, plant motives used for decoration are often derived from local species, such as chestnut trees, sunflowers, roses, tree branches etc. These elements are complemented with animal motives including lions, eagles, owls, spiders, peacocks, donkeys etc. The architects used also folk motives and patriotic symbols; in this way the new form found its place as a continuation of cultural traditions characteristic for the region.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

architektura; kamienice; dekoracje

EN

architecture; tenements; decoration

• Wydawca: Komitet Architektury i Urbanistyki PAN ; Politechnika Warszawska, Wydział Architektury
• Czasopismo: Kwartalnik Architektury i Urbanistyki
• Rocznik: 2005
• Tom: T. 50, z. 1-2
• Strony: 80--88
• Opis fizyczny: fot.

Twórcy

autor

Makowska B.